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Update on the Surgical Reconstruction of Ocular Surface in Eyes with Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency

  • Cornea (P Hamrah and T Yamaguchi, Section Editors)
  • Published:
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Abstract

Purpose of Review

To determine indications, advantages, disadvantages, and potential complications of current surgical approaches for reconstruction of ocular surface in subjects with limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD).

Recent Findings

Recently, autologous limbal stem cell transplant (LSCT) has demonstrated to have positive clinical outcomes for visual rehabilitation. Simple limbal epithelial transplantation (SLET) in subjects with unilateral LSCD and wet ocular surface is a clear example of this. Keratoprosthetic devices and their late modifications remain the best option for subjects with bilateral LSCD and a wet ocular surface. Modified Osteo-Odonto KPro (MOOKP) continues to be the best option for patients with LSCD and a keratinized ocular surface. Potential sources of stem cells are being elucidated, predominantly, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with encouraging results in terms of tissue regeneration along with new cell carriers.

Summary

Determining which surgery should be performed is individual to each case; however, it is imperative to control acute inflammation prior to surgery in all cases and even suppress inflammation postoperatively for successful long-term outcomes. Only long-term follow-up of novel therapies will allow to establish their effectiveness. Ideal novel surgeries must aim for long-lasting corneal transparency with high reproducibility and low cost to be available worldwide.

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Correspondence to Guillermo Amescua.

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Jesus Cabral-Macias, Jaime D. Martinez, Andrea Naranjo, and Guillermo Amescua declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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ESM 1

A 38 year-old male with Dua stage V corneoscleral chemical burn managed with amniotic membrane transplant in both eyes during acute phase (a and b), who afterwards developed bilateral corneal conjunctivalization (c and d). (JPG 53 kb)

ESM 2

Clinical image of a 27-year-old female with severe corneoscleral chemical burn in the left eye initially managed medically and with amniotic membrane(a). After 1 month developed corneal melting (b), tectonic cornealscleral graft, plus conjunctival /Tenon’s flap was performed (c and d). (JPG 47 kb)

ESM 3

At slit lamp examination, a 39-year-old patient with bilateral limbal stem cell deficiency due to acanthamoeba keratitis with multiple previous topical antibiotics for infectious keratitis, including self-medicated anesthetic drops; history of bilateral penetrating keratoplasty failure (a and b) who underwent a keratoprothesis type 1 (Boston KPro) (c). (JPG 39 kb)

ESM 4

Slit lamp examination showing a 55-year-old female with limbal stem cell deficiency secondary to acanthamoeba keratitis (a and b) who underwent penetrating keratoplasty + simple limbal epithelial transplantation (SLET) and cataract surgery with one year follow up. (JPG 98 kb)

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Cabral-Macias, J., Martinez, J.D., Naranjo, A. et al. Update on the Surgical Reconstruction of Ocular Surface in Eyes with Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency. Curr Ophthalmol Rep 6, 256–265 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40135-018-0187-y

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