Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

In Vitro Evaluation of Secondary Metabolites: Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity of Manilkara zapota L. Seed Extract

  • Research Article
  • Published:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In the present study, seed extracts were analysed for its effective biological activity. The seed extracts were primarily subjected to qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis and further preceded to techniques such as TLC and bioautography to determine the active compounds through spot specification. The active compounds were further premeditated by GC–MS and FT-IR methods for antimicrobial analysis by agar well diffusion assay against few human pathogens including multidrug resistant phenotypes. The acetone extract of M. Zapota seeds revealed the presence of a significant number of secondary metabolites that ascertained that the plant possesses a rich group of bioactive compounds. The extract was quantified for its total phenolics (67.15 ± 4.35 mg/g), tannins (49.93 ± 8.76 mg/g) and flavonoids (60.06 ± 6.4 mg/g) respectively. GC–MS analysis exhibited the presence of 30 active compounds including both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. FTIR analysis indicated 16 functional concrete structures of alkanes, alkenes, amines and aliphatic amines. Moreover, RF values calculated for the TLC spots along with the DPPH sprayed biography shows the presence of antioxidant compounds. Among the investigated microorganisms, Micrococcus luteus, Candida albicans and MRSA E-1122 strain exhibited the highest zone of inhibition. The present study provides convincing evidence that M. zapota seeds possess significant activity over human pathogens and MDR-MRSA by its active biocompounds present in the extract that helps to reduce oxidative stress by carrying off an antioxidant molecule that could be developed into therapeutic agents.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Diaz MN, Frei B, Vita JA, Keaney JF (1997) Antioxidants and atherosclerotic heart disease. N Engl J Med 337:408–416

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Cowan MM (1999) Plant products as antimicrobial agents. Clin Microbiol Rev 12:564–582

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  3. Kalaivani T, Mathew I (2010) Free radical scavenging activity from leaves of Acacia nilotica(L.) Wild. exDelile, an Indian medicinal tree. Food Chem Toxicol 48:298–305

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Prasad NK, Xie H, Hao J, Yang B, Qiu S, Wei X (2010) Antioxidant and anticancer activities of 8-hydroxypsoralen isolated from wampee [Clausenalansium(Lour.) Skeels] peel. Food Chem 118:62–66

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Hancock REW (2005) Mechanisms of action of newer antibiotics for Gram positive pathogens. Lancet Infect Dis 5:209–218

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Anjaria J, Parabia M, Dwivedi S (2002) Ethnovete heritage Indian Ethnoveterinary Medicine, an overview. Pathik Enterprise, Ahmedabad

    Google Scholar 

  7. Nair R, Chanda S (2008) Antimicrobial activity of Terminaliacatappa, Manilkara zapota and Piper betel leaf extract. Indian J Pharm Sci 70:390–393

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  8. Evans WC (1997) Treasae and evans pharmacognosy, 14th edn. Harcourt Brace, Singapore, p 343

    Google Scholar 

  9. Hemalatha R, Nivetha P, Mohanapriya C, Sharmila G, Muthukumaran C, Gopinath M (2016) Phytochemical composition, GC-MS analysis, in vitro antioxidant and antibacterial potential of clove flower bud (Eugenia caryophyllus) methanolic extract. J Food Sci Technol 53:1189–1198

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Sharmila S, Jeyanthi RL, Merina PD, Saduzzaman M, Shashi B (2013) Study on phytochemical analysis of Murraya koenigiiandManilkara zapota. Res J Pharm Biol Chem Sci 4:1104–1109

    Google Scholar 

  11. Woo PF, Yim HS, Khoo HE, Sia CM, Ang YK (2013) Effects of extraction conditions on antioxidant properties of sapodilla fruit. Int Food Res J 20:2065–2072

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Abdel-Tawab HM, Tarek MH, Meriam B, Emmanuel GR, Hicham F, Jalloul B (2015) Antioxidant activity and hepatoprotective potential of Cedrelopsis grevei on cypermethrin induced oxidative stress and liver damage in male mice. BMC Complement Altern Med 15:251

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Jannette G-S, Alexandra A-P, Natalie R-O, Karla R-T, Wanda F-C, Lorelein M-S, Gerónimo M-M, Luis AC, Michelle MM-M (2015) Chemical profile and in vivo hypoglycemic effects of Syzygiumjambos, Costusspeciosus and Tapeinochilosananassae plant extracts used as diabetes adjuvants in Puerto Rico. BMC Complement Altern Med 15:244

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Natta L, Orapin K, Frank BM, Juan LS, William EH (2007) Postharvest survey of volatile compounds in five tropical fruits using headspace-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME). HortScience 42:309–314

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Fayek NM, Monem ARA, Mossa MY, Meselhy MR, Shazly AH (2012) Chemical and Biological Study of Manilkara zapota (L.)Van Royen (Sapotaceae) cultivated in Egypt. Pharmacogn Res 4:85–91

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Kumaresan M, Palanisamy PN, Kumar PE (2011) Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopic analysis of stem of achrassapota. Int J Appl Biol Pharm Technol 2:287–290

    Google Scholar 

  17. Vijay K, Sriram S (2010) In vitro antibacterial activity in seed extracts of Manilkara zapota, Anonasquamosa, and Tamarindusindica. Biol Res 43:165–168

    Google Scholar 

  18. Yosie A, Effendy MAW, Sifzizul TMT, Habsah M (2011) Antibacterial, radical- scavenging activities and cytotoxicity properties of Phaleriamacrocarpa (scheff.) Boerl. leaves in HepG2 cell lines. Int J Pharm Sci Res 2:1700–1706

    Google Scholar 

  19. Tenore GC, Ciampaglia R, Arnold NA, Piozzi F, Napolitano F, Rigano D (2011) Antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of the essential oil of Salvia lanigerafrom Cyprus. Food Chem Toxicol 49:238–243

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Rakholiya K, Kaneria M, Chanda S (2011) Vegetable and fruit peels as a novel source of antioxidants. J Med Plants Res 5:63–71

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Jamuna KS, Ramesh CK, Srinivasa TR, Raghu KL (2011) Total antioxidant capacity in aqueous extracts of some common fruits. Int J Pharm Sci Res 2:448–453

    Google Scholar 

  22. Chirumbolo S (2011) Plant polyphenolic compounds as potential antimicrobial drugs. J Med Microbiol 60:1562–1563

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Sakala B, Buthapalli K, Dantu KS, Buchiraju R, Sreekanth N (2013) An evaluation of the antibacterial activity of root extracts of Manilkara zapota against Staphylococcus aureusand Escherichia coli. Int J Phytopharm 4:171–173

    Google Scholar 

  24. Islam MR, Parvin MS, Banu MR, Jahan N, Das N, Islam ME (2013) Antibacterial and phytochemical screening of ethanol extracts of Manilkara zapota leaves and bark. Int J Pharma Sci 3:394–397

    Google Scholar 

  25. Jun M, Hui Y, Margaret JB, Edward JK (2004) Analysis of polyphenolic antioxidants from the fruits of three pouteriaspecies by selected ion monitoring liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Agric Food Chem 52:5873–5878

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Abouzeed YM, Elfahem A, Zgheel F, Ahmed MO (2013) Antibacterial in vitro activities of selected medicinal plants against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Libyan environment. J Environ Anal Toxicol 3:194

    Google Scholar 

  27. Priya P, Shoba FG, Parimala M, Sathya J (2014) Antioxidant and antibacterial properties of Manilkara zapota (L.) royenflower. Int J Pharm Clin Res 6:174–178

    Google Scholar 

  28. Shital A, Santosh B, Rabindra N (2012) In vitro cytotoxic activity of novel oleanane type of triterpenoidsaponin from stem bark of Manilkara zapota Linn. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 5:183–188

    Google Scholar 

  29. Zulfiker HM, Roy PP, Momin MAM, Khan MS, Bulbul IJ, Ahmed T, Rana MS (2013) Investigation of antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of chloroform and petroleum ether extracts of selected medicinal plants of Bangladesh. Br J Med Med Res 3:1418–1436

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Amlan G, AbdurRahman SM (2013) Evaluation of the cytotoxic, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anthelmintic and CNS depressant activities of Manilkara zapota leaf (Sapotaceae). World J Pharm Res 4:272–283

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgement

The authors are thankful to IIT Madras, India for the instrumental method of analysis. They are thankful to Dr. P. Arumugam, Armats Biotek Pvt. Ltd for their assistance during the research work. They also thank the management of Karpaga Vinayaga College of Engineering and Technology and University of Petroleum and Energy Studies for their constant encouragement in publishing this article.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, Karpaga Vinayaga College of Engineering and Technology, GST Road, Palayanoor Post, Maduranthagam Tk, Kancheepuram, Tamil Nadu, 603308, India

    C. Mohanapriya

  2. Department of Food Process Engineering, SRM University, SRM Nagar, Potheri, Kattankulathur, Kancheepuram, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India

    S. Uma & V. Nithyalakshmi

  3. Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering Studies, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, P.O. Bidholi Via-Prem Nagar, Dehradun, Uttarkand, 248007, India

    K. S. Rajmohan, P. Vijay, Rose Havilah Pulla & M. Gopinath

  4. Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College of Technology, Coimbatore, 641 013, India

    C. Muthukumaran

Authors
  1. C. Mohanapriya
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. S. Uma
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. V. Nithyalakshmi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. K. S. Rajmohan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. P. Vijay
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Rose Havilah Pulla
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. C. Muthukumaran
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. M. Gopinath
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to M. Gopinath.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest to publish this manuscript.

Additional information

Significance StatementM. zapota seed extract exhibited strong activity against MRSA and its active compounds were identified by thin-layer chromatography, bioautography, GC–MS and FT-IR.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Mohanapriya, C., Uma, S., Nithyalakshmi, V. et al. In Vitro Evaluation of Secondary Metabolites: Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity of Manilkara zapota L. Seed Extract. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., India, Sect. B Biol. Sci. 89, 729–738 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40011-018-0989-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40011-018-0989-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation