Zusammenfassung
Harnsteine bei Kindern sind selten. Wenn sie vorkommen, liegen häufig metabolische Ursachen zugrunde, welche zu einer Rezidivsteinbildung führen können. Kinder mit Harnsteinen sind daher per Definition eine Hochrisikogruppe, weshalb nach dem ersten Steinereignis basierend auf der Steinanalyse eine erweiterte Stoffwechseldiagnostik erfolgen muss.
Literatur
Daudon M. et al. Changes in stone composition according to age and gender of patients: a multivariate epidemiological approach. Urol Res, 2004. 32(3): p. 241–247.
Jungers P. Lithiase rénale: Diagnostic et traitement. 1 ed. Médecine-Sciences, ed. Flammarion. 1999. 226.
Miyake O. et al. High urinary excretion level of citrate and magnesium in children: potential etiology for the reduced incidence of pediatric urolithiasis. Urol Res, 1998. 26(3): p. 209–213.
Braun P.M. et al. Urolithiasis in children. Int Braz J Urol, 2002. 28(6): p. 539–544.
Sarica K. Pediatric urolithiasis: etiology, specific pathogenesis and medical treatment. Urol Res, 2006. 34(2): p. 96–101.
Van Dervoort K. et al. Urolithiasis in pediatric patients: a single center study of incidence, clinical presentation and outcome. J Urol, 2007. 177(6): p. 2300–2305.
Rizvi S.A. et al. Pediatric urolithiasis: developing nation perspectives. J Urol, 2002. 168(4 Pt 1): p. 1522–1525.
Milliner D.S. and M.E. Murphy. Urolithiasis in pediatric patients. Mayo Clin Proc, 1993. 68(3): p. 241–248.
Stapleton F.B. Childhood stones. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am, 2002. 31(4): p. 1001–1015, ix.
Polinsky M.S., B.A. Kaiser, and H.J. Baluarte. Urolithiasis in childhood. Pediatr Clin North Am, 1987. 34(3): p. 683–710.
Kroovand R.L. Pediatric urolithiasis. Urol Clin North Am, 1997. 24(1): p. 173–184.
Tellaloglu S. and H. Ander. Stones in children. Turk J Pediatr, 1984. 26(1-4): p. 51–60.
Remzi D., F. Cakmak, and I. Erkan. A study on the urolithiasis incidence in Turkish school-age children. J Urol, 1980. 123(4): p. 608.
Erbagci A. et al. Pediatric urolithiasis-evaluation of risk factors in 95 children. Scand J Urol Nephrol, 2003. 37(2): p. 129–133.
Kamoun A. et al. Urolithiasis in Tunisian children: a study of 120 cases based on stone composition. Pediatr Nephrol, 1999. 13(9): p. 920–925; discussion 926.
Novak T.E. et al. Sex prevalence of pediatric kidney stone disease in the United States: an epidemiologic investigation. Urology, 2009. 74(1): p. 104–107.
Bartosh S.M. Medical management of pediatric stone disease. Urol Clin North Am, 2004. 31(3): p. 575–587, x-xi.
Basaklar, A.C. and N. Kale, Experience with childhood urolithiasis. Report of 196 cases. Br J Urol, 1991. 67(2): p. 203–205.
Cameron M.A., K. Sakhaee, and O.W. Moe. Nephrolithiasis in children. Pediatr Nephrol, 2005. 20(11): p. 1587–1592.
Sternberg K. et al. Pediatric stone disease: an evolving experience. J Urol, 2005. 174(4 Pt 2): p. 1711–1714; discussion 1714.
Sharma A.P. and G. Filler. Epidemiology of pediatric urolithiasis. Indian J Urol, 2010. 26(4): p. 516–522.
Erbagci A. et al. Pediatric urolithiasis-evaluation of risk factors in 95 children. Scand J Urol Nephrol, 2003. 37(2): p. 129.
Curhan G.C. et al. A prospective study of dietary calcium and other nutrients and the risk of symptomatic kidney stones. N Engl J Med, 1993. 328(12): p. 833–838.
Pearle, M.S. Prevention of nephrolithiasis. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens, 2001. 10(2): p. 203–209.
Siener, R. and A. Hesse. Fluid intake and epidemiology of urolithiasis. Eur J Clin Nutr, 2003. 57 Suppl 2: p. S47–51.
Pietrow P.K. et al. Clinical outcome of pediatric stone disease. J Urol, 2002. 167(2 Pt 1): p. 670–673.
Lim D.J. et al. Treatment of pediatric urolithiasis between 1984 and 1994. J Urol, 1996. 156(2 Pt 2): p. 702–705.
Tekin A. et al. A study of the etiology of idiopathic calcium urolithiasis in children: hypocitruria is the most important risk factor. J Urol, 2000. 164(1): p. 162–165.
Noe H.N. Hypercalciuria and pediatric stone recurrences with and without structural abnormalities. J.Urol., 2000. 164(3 Pt 2): p. 1094.
Hoppe B. and M.J. Kemper. Diagnostic examination of the child with urolithiasis or nephrocalcinosis. Pediatr Nephrol, 2010. 25(3): p. 403–413.
Eikefjord E.N., F. Thorsen, and J. Rorvik. Comparison of effective radiation doses in patients undergoing unenhanced MDCT and excretory urography for acute flank pain. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 2007. 188(4): p. 934–939.
Heidenreich A., F. Desgrandschamps, and F. Terrier. Modern approach of diagnosis and management of acute flank pain: review of all imaging modalities. Eur Urol, 2002. 41(4): p. 351–362.
Ripolles T. et al. Ureteral colic: US versus CT. Abdom Imaging, 2004. 29(2): p. 263–266.
Tuerk C.K., T. Petrik, A. Sarica, K. Straub, M. Seitz, members of the European Association of Urology (EAU) Guidelines Office, Guidelines on Urolithiasis. Presented at the 27th EAU Congress, Paris 2012 ed. EAU Guidelines. 2012.
Lahme S. Shockwave lithotripsy and endourological stone treatment in children. Urol Res, 2006. 34(2): p. 112–117.
Dogan H.S. and S. Tekgul. Management of pediatric stone disease. Curr Urol Rep, 2007. 8(2): p. 163–173.
Desai M. Endoscopic management of stones in children. Curr Opin Urol, 2005. 15(2): p. 107–112.
Chaussy C., W. Brendel, and E. Schmiedt. Extracorporeally induced destruction of kidney stones by shock waves. Lancet, 1980. 2(8207): p. 1265–1268.
McCullough D.L. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy and residual stone fragments in lower calices. J Urol, 1989. 141(1): p. 140.
Brinkmann O.A. et al. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in children. Efficacy, complications and long-term follow-up. Eur Urol, 2001. 39(5): p. 591–597.
Lottmann H.B. et al. The efficacy and parenchymal consequences of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in infants. BJU Int, 2000. 85(3): p. 311–315.
Wendt-Nordahl G. et al. Prospective evaluation of acute endocrine pancreatic injury as collateral damage of shock-wave lithotripsy for upper urinary tract stones. BJU Int, 2007. 100(6): p. 1339–1343.
Myers D.A. et al. Pediatric low energy lithotripsy with the Lithostar. J Urol, 1995. 153(2): p. 453–457.
Preminger G.M. et al. 2007 guideline for the management of ureteral calculi. J Urol, 2007. 178(6): p. 2418–2434.
Rizvi S.A. et al. Pediatric urolithiasis: developing nation perspectives. J.Urol., 2002. 168(4 Pt 1): p. 1522.
Muslumanoglu A.Y. et al. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy as first line treatment alternative for urinary tract stones in children: a large scale retrospective analysis. J Urol, 2003. 170(6 Pt 1): p. 2405–2408.
Gofrit O.N. et al. Is the pediatric ureter as efficient as the adult ureter in transporting fragments following extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for renal calculi larger than 10 mm.? J.Urol., 2001. 166(5): p. 1862.
Goktas C. et al. SWL in lower calyceal calculi: evaluation of the treatment results in children and adults. Urology, 2011. 78(6): p. 1402–1406.
Muslumanoglu A.Y. et al. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy as first line treatment alternative for urinary tract stones in children: a large scale retrospective analysis. J.Urol., 2003. 170(6 Pt 1): p. 2405.
Landau E.H. et al. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy is highly effective for ureteral calculi in children. J.Urol., 2001. 165(6 Pt 2): p. 2316.
Schultz-Lampel D. et al. [Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy in childhood]. Urologe A, 1997. 36(3): p. 200–208.
Ather M.H. and M.A. Noor. Does size and site matter for renal stones up to 30-mm in size in children treated by extracorporeal lithotripsy? Urology, 2003. 61(1): p. 212–215; discussion 215.
Ather M.H., M.A. Noor, and S. Akhtar. The effect of intracalyceal distribution on the clearance of renal stones of > or = 20 mm in children after extracorporeal lithotripsy. BJU Int, 2004. 93(6): p. 827–829.
Onal B. et al. Predictive factors and management of steinstrasse after shock wave lithotripsy in pediatric urolithiasis-a multivariate analysis study. Urology, 2012. 80(5): p. 1127–1131.
Wollin T.A. et al. Holmium:YAG lithotripsy in children. J Urol, 1999. 162(5): p. 1717–1720.
Reddy P.P. et al. Initial experience with endoscopic holmium laser lithotripsy for pediatric urolithiasis. J Urol, 1999. 162(5): p. 1714–1716.
Erturhan S., F. Yagci, and K. Sarica. Ureteroscopic management of ureteral calculi in children. J Endourol, 2007. 21(4): p. 397–400.
Bassiri A. et al. Transureteral lithotripsy in pediatric practice. J Endourol, 2002. 16(4): p. 257–260.
Zheng W. and J.D. Denstedt. Intracorporeal lithotripsy. Update on technology. Urol Clin North Am, 2000. 27(2): p. 301.
Tanaka S.T. and J.C.T. Pope. Pediatric stone disease. Curr Urol Rep, 2009. 10(2): p. 138–143.
Manohar T. et al. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy for complex caliceal calculi and staghorn stones in children less than 5 years of age. J Endourol, 2006. 20(8): p. 547–551.
Jackman S.V. et al. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy in infants and preschool age children: experience with a new technique. Urology, 1998. 52(4): p. 697.
Zeren S. et al. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy in the management of pediatric renal calculi. Journal of Endourology, 2002. 16(2): p. 75–78.
Jackman S.V. et al. The „mini-perc“ technique: a less invasive alternative to percutaneous nephrolithotomy. World J Urol, 1998. 16(6): p. 371–374.
Samad L., S. Aquil, and Z. Zaidi. Paediatric percutaneous nephrolithotomy: setting new frontiers. BJU Int, 2006. 97(2): p. 359–363.
Badawy H. et al. Percutaneous management of renal calculi: experience with percutaneous nephrolithotomy in 60 children. The Journal of urology, 1999. 162(5): p. 1710–1713.
Desai M.R. et al. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy for complex pediatric renal calculus disease. J Endourol, 2004. 18(1): p. 23.
Hoppe B. et al. Urinary calcium oxalate saturation in healthy infants and children. J Urol, 1997. 158(2): p. 557–559.
Diamond D.A. et al. Etiological factors in pediatric stone recurrence. J Urol, 1989. 142(2 Pt 2): p. 606–608; discussion 619.
Tekin A. et al. Oral potassium citrate treatment for idiopathic hypocitruria in children with calcium urolithiasis. J Urol, 2002. 168(6): p. 2572–2574.
Sarica K. et al. Effect of potassium citrate therapy on stone recurrence and regrowth after extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy in children. J Endourol, 2006. 20(11): p. 875–879.
Whalley N.A. et al. Long-term effects of potassium citrate therapy on the formation of new stones in groups of recurrent stone formers with hypocitraturia. Br J Urol, 1996. 78(1): p. 10–14.
Voskaki I. et al. Effect of hydrochlorothiazide on renal hypercalciuria. Child Nephrol Urol, 1992. 12(1): p. 6–9.
Noe H.N. Hypercalciuria and pediatric stone recurrences with and without structural abnormalities. J Urol, 2000. 164(3 Pt 2): p. 1094–1096.
Cohen T.D. et al. Pediatric urolithiasis: medical and surgical management. Urology, 1996. 47(3): p. 292–303.
Alon U.S., H. Zimmerman, and M. Alon. Evaluation and treatment of pediatric idiopathic urolithiasis-revisited. Pediatr Nephrol, 2004. 19(5): p. 516–520.
Huen S.C., and D.S. Goldfarb. Adverse metabolic side effects of thiazides: implications for patients with calcium nephrolithiasis. J Urol, 2007. 177(4): p. 1238–1243.
Knoll T. et al. Cystinuria in childhood and adolescence: recommendations for diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up. Pediatr Nephrol, 2005. 20(1): p. 19–24.
Chow G.K., and S.B. Streem. Medical treatment of cystinuria: results of contemporary clinical practice. J Urol, 1996. 156(5): p. 1576–1578.
Barcelo P. et al. Randomized double-blind study of potassium citrate in idiopathic hypocitraturic calcium nephrolithiasis. J Urol, 1993. 150(6): p. 1761–1764.
Knoll T.M., MS., Facharztwissen Urologie. 1 ed, ed. Springer. Vol. 1. 2006: Springer Medizin Verlag Heidelberg. 735.
Coward R.J. et al. Epidemiology of paediatric renal stone disease in the UK. Arch Dis Child, 2003. 88(11): p. 962–965.
Jayanthi V.R., P.M. Arnold, and S.A. Koff. Strategies for managing upper tract calculi in young children. J Urol, 1999. 162(3 Pt 2): p. 1234–1237.
Robert M. et al. Childhood urolithiasis: urological management of upper tract calculi in the era of extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy. Urol Int, 1996. 57(2): p. 72–76.
Edvardsson V. et al. High incidence of kidney stones in Icelandic children. Pediatr Nephrol, 2005. 20(7): p. 940–944.
Daudon M. [Component analysis of urinary calculi in the etiologic diagnosis of urolithiasis in the child]. Arch Pediatr, 2000. 7(8): p. 855–865.
Straub M. et al. [Calcium oxalate stones and hyperoxaluria. What is certain? What is new?]. Urologe A, 2005. 44(11): p. 1315–1323.
Tiselius H.G. Epidemiology and medical management of stone disease. BJU Int, 2003. 91(8): p. 758–767.
Wein, Campbell-Walsh Urology. 9 ed, ed. S. Elsevier. Vol. 2. 2007: Elsevier. 3945.
Ali S.H. and U.N. Rifat. Etiological and clinical patterns of childhood urolithiasis in Iraq. Pediatr Nephrol, 2005. 20(10): p. 1453–1457.
Liu W. et al. Low-dose nonenhanced helical CT of renal colic: assessment of ureteric stone detection and measurement of effective dose equivalent. Radiology, 2000. 215(1): p. 51–54.
Sandhu C., K.M. Anson, and U. Patel. Urinary tract stones-Part I: role of radiological imaging in diagnosis and treatment planning. Clin Radiol, 2003. 58(6): p. 415–421.
Tack D. et al. Low-dose unenhanced multidetector CT of patients with suspected renal colic. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 2003. 180(2): p. 305–311.
Grenier N. and P. Taourel. [Imaging of acute urinary obstruction: non-enhanced CT or KUB and US]. J Radiol, 2004. 85(2 Pt 2): p. 195–196.
Niall O. et al. A comparison of noncontrast computerized tomography with excretory urography in the assessment of acute flank pain. J Urol, 1999. 161(2): p. 534–537.
Borghi L, T. Meschi, F. Amato et al. (1996) Urinary volume, water and recurrences in idiopathic calcium nephrolithiasis: a 5-year randomized prospective study. J Urol 155:839–843
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Interessenkonflikt
Die Autoren erklären, dass sie sich bei der Erstellung des Beitrages von keinen wirtschaftlichen Interessen leiten ließen und dass keine potenziellen Interessenkonflikte vorliegen. Der Verlag erklärt, dass die inhaltliche Qualität des Beitrags von zwei unabhängigen Gutachtern geprüft wurde. Werbung in dieser Zeitschriftenausgabe hat keinen Bezug zur CME-Fortbildung. Der Verlag garantiert, dass die CME-Fortbildung sowie die CME-Fragen frei sind von werblichen Aussagen und keinerlei Produktempfehlungen enthalten. Dies gilt insbesondere für Präparate, die zur Therapie des dargestellten Krankheitsbildes geeignet sind.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Knoll, T., Humke, U. Metabolische Ursachen sind häufig. Pädiatrie 27, 34–42 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s15014-015-0293-3
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s15014-015-0293-3