Abstract
The prevalence of food allergy has been increasing over the past few decades at an alarming rate with peanut allergy affecting about 2 % of children. Both oral immunotherapy (OIT) and sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) have shown promise as a treatment option for peanut allergy. Immunotherapy induces desensitization and reduces the risk of reaction during accidental ingestion and may also enable those who are successfully desensitized to include the food allergen in their diet. OIT has been very well studied and has been found to be more efficacious than SLIT with an acceptable safety profile. However, SLIT is associated with fewer side effects. Studies indicate that a combination of SLIT and OIT may together induce a significant increase in challenge thresholds with fewer adverse events. More head-to-head clinical trials that directly compare OIT and SLIT as well as SLIT and OIT combination studies are warranted.
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Abbreviations
- AIT:
-
Allergen-specific immunotherapy
- BHR:
-
Bronchial hyper-responsiveness
- Bregs:
-
B regulatory cells
- DBPCFC:
-
Double-blind placebo-controlled food challenge
- FA:
-
Food allergy
- OIT:
-
Oral immunotherapy
- PPOIT:
-
Probiotic with peanut OIT
- SLIT:
-
Sublingual immunotherapy
- SU:
-
Sustained unresponsiveness
- Th:
-
T-helper
- Tregs:
-
Regulatory T cells
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This work was supported by NIH grant U19AI104209, the Bezos Family Foundation, the FARE Center of Excellence, the Myra Reinhard Foundation, and the Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research at Stanford University.
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W. Zhang, S.B. Sindher, V. Sampath and K. Nadeau declare that they have no competing interests.
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Zhang W, Sindher SB, Sampath V, Nadeau K. Comparison of sublingual immunotherapy and oral immunotherapy in peanut allergy. Allergo J Int 2018;27:153–61
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40629-018-0067-x
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Zhang, W., Sindher, S.B., Sampath, V. et al. Comparison of sublingual immunotherapy and oral immunotherapy in peanut allergy. Allergo J 27, 22–30 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s15007-018-1688-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s15007-018-1688-6