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Endogenous Stem Cells in Homeostasis and Aging

  • Review Article
  • Published:
Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Aims and scope

A Correction to this article was published on 19 May 2018

This article has been updated

Abstract

In almost all human tissues and organs, adult stem cells or tissue stem cells are present in a unique location, the so-called stem cell niche or its equivalent, continuously replenishing functional differentiated cells. Those endogenous stem cells can be expanded for cell therapeutics using ex vivo cell culture or recalled for tissue repair in situ through cell trafficking and homing. In the aging process, inefficiency in the endogenous stem cell–mediated healing mechanism can emerge from a variety of impairments that accumulate in the processes of stem cell self-renewal, function, differentiation capacity, and trafficking through cell autonomous intrinsic pathways (such as epigenetic alterations) or systemic extrinsic pathways. This review examines the homeostasis of endogenous stem cells, particularly bone marrow stem cells, and their dysregulation in disease and aging and discusses possible intervention strategies. Several systemic pro-aging and rejuvenating factors, recognized in heterochronic parabiosis or premature aging progeroid animal models, are reviewed as possible anti-aging pharmaceutical targets from the perspective of a healthy environment for endogenous stem cells. A variety of epigenetic modifications and chromosome architectures are reviewed as an intrinsic cellular pathway for aging and senescence. A gradual increase in inflammatory burden during aging is also reviewed. Finally, the tissue repair and anti-aging effects of Substance-P, a peptide stimulating stem cell trafficking from the bone marrow and modifying the inflammatory response, are discussed as a future anti-aging target.

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Change history

  • 19 May 2018

    Regrettably, in the previous version of this article, two important references ([47-2, 173] were missing. The authors would like to make following corrections in the original version of the article.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by Grants NRF2016M3A9B4917320 from the Korean Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning, and HI13C1479 from Korean Ministry of Health and Welfare to Dr. Y Son.

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  1. Department of Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, Republic of Korea

    Ji Eun Lim & Youngsook Son

  2. Kyung Hee Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02453, Republic of Korea

    Youngsook Son

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  1. Ji Eun Lim
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Lim, J.E., Son, Y. Endogenous Stem Cells in Homeostasis and Aging. Tissue Eng Regen Med 14, 679–698 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13770-017-0097-3

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