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Adsorption of paraquat from water by insoluble cyclodextrin polymer crosslinked with 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid

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Abstract

An insoluble polymer was elaborated by crosslinking reaction between β-CD (β-cyclodextrin) and BTCA (1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid) and it was firstly applied in adsorption of paraquat (PQ) from water. This insoluble polymer was synthesized at 180 °C for 30 min which displayed 74.1% of reaction yield, 3.80 mmol g− 1 of ion exchange capacity (IEC) and 0.18 mmol g− 1 of β-CD content. Physicochemical properties were evaluated by attenuated total reflection–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method and stereoscopic microscopy. The optimal pH was 8 and the equilibrium time was 120 min. At 30 °C, the adsorption capacity was enhanced (10.8, 19.7, and 25.8 mg g− 1) when the initial concentration of paraquat was increased (25, 50 and 200 mg L− 1, respectively). Adsorption kinetics was described by the pseudo-second-order model and adsorption isotherm was appropriated to the Langmuir model. The negative standard enthalpy change (∆Hº) showed an exothermic process, the positive standard entropy change (∆Sº) displayed an increased disorder and the negative standard Gibbs free energy change (∆Gº) indicated a spontaneous adsorption method. Ultimately, the regeneration efficiency of polymer in methanol was 87.3% after four cycles. This polymer could be used as a potential adsorbent for removal of other cationic pesticides.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank technical staffs for kindly support to achieve experiments. This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Science and Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima Rajabhat University, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand

    Jatupol Junthip & Chaichat Boonyanusith

  2. The Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand

    Warangkana Promma

  3. School of Physics, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand

    Somchai Sonsupap

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  1. Jatupol Junthip
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Junthip, J., Promma, W., Sonsupap, S. et al. Adsorption of paraquat from water by insoluble cyclodextrin polymer crosslinked with 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid. Iran Polym J 28, 213–223 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13726-019-00692-9

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