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Response surface modeling and optimization of tomato puree–casein bio-composite films

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Abstract

In this study, Box–Behnken response surface experimental design of response surface methodology (RSM) was adopted to investigate the simultaneous effects of tomato puree (1–3% w/v), casein (0.4–0.8% w/v) and drying time (10–12 h) on the physical and optical properties of a bio-composite film. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the experimental data was well-explained by the different models with high coefficient of determination (R2 > 0.90). The second-order polynomial models were fitted to all the response variables and three-dimensional response surface plots and equations were analyzed. It was found that all the process variables significantly affected (P < 0.05) the response variables either linearly or quadratically, whereas the “Lack of Fit” was non-significantly relative to the pure error. On the basis of the ranges of different responses, a total of nine solutions were suggested, out of which, the film with 2.12% w/v tomato puree level, 0.59% w/v casein level and 11.99 h drying time was selected. At this optimum point, thickness, moisture, solubility, moisture absorption rate, water vapor transmission rate, density, transparency, hue angle, chroma value and whiteness index were found to be 0.143 mm, 24.49%, 77.69%, 10.22%, 0.03 g/cm2 t, 1.472 g/mL, 40.72%, 78.70, 11.60 and 64.99, respectively, with a desirability value of 0.61. It can be concluded that the developed films with desirable characteristics can be successfully prepared and effectively applied in the food packaging industry.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank the Director of ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute and Head of Livestock Products Technology division, Izatnagar for financial support to carry out this work. Useful discussions with Dr. M.K. Chatli, Prof. and Head and Dr. P. Kumar, Assistant Prof. of department of Livestock Products Technology, GADVASU, Ludhiana are gratefully acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. ICAR-National Research Centre on Yak, Dirang, Arunachal Pradesh, 790101, India

    Tarun Pal Singh

  2. Division of Livestock Products Technology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India

    Tarun Pal Singh, Geeta Chauhan, Ravi Kant Agrawal & S. K. Mendiratta

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  1. Tarun Pal Singh
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  2. Geeta Chauhan
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  4. S. K. Mendiratta
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Correspondence to Tarun Pal Singh.

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Singh, T.P., Chauhan, G., Agrawal, R.K. et al. Response surface modeling and optimization of tomato puree–casein bio-composite films. Iran Polym J 27, 861–879 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13726-018-0660-3

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