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Dietary Patterns, Physical Activity, Sleep, and Risk for Dementia and Cognitive Decline

  • Neurological Disease and Cognitive Function (Y Gu, Section Editor)
  • Published:
Current Nutrition Reports Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose of Review

Diet, physical activity, and sleep are three major modifiable lifestyle factors. This selective review examines the evidence for strong and reliable associations between these three lifestyle factors and risk of dementia and cognitive decline, in an effort to assist clinicians with providing more informed answers to the common questions they face from patients.

Recent Findings

Certain aspects of nutrition can decrease risk for dementia. Physical activity has also been associated with delayed or slower age-related cognitive decline. In addition, emerging evidence links sleep dysfunction and dementia, with amyloid deposition being a possible mediator.

Summary

Data from further clinical trials are needed before more definitive conclusions can be drawn regarding the efficacy of these lifestyle interventions for lowering the risk of incident dementia and cognitive decline. Nevertheless, it is reasonable to make recommendations to our patients to adopt certain dietary changes and to engage in regular physical activity to improve cardiovascular risk factors for dementia. It is also reasonable to include questions on sleep during cognitive evaluations of the elderly, given the common co-occurrence of sleep dysfunction and cognitive impairment in the elderly population.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA

    Chen Zhao, James M. Noble, Karen Marder & Nikolaos Scarmeas

  2. Taub Institute for Research of Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA

    Chen Zhao, James M. Noble, Karen Marder, Yian Gu & Nikolaos Scarmeas

  3. Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA

    James M. Noble, Karen Marder, Yian Gu & Nikolaos Scarmeas

  4. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA

    Jacob S. Hartman

  5. Department of Epidemiology, Joseph P. Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA

    Yian Gu

  6. 1st Department of Neurology, Aiginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece

    Nikolaos Scarmeas

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  1. Chen Zhao
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Correspondence to Chen Zhao.

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Conflict of Interest

Chen Zhao declares that she has no conflict of interest.

James M. Noble declares that he has no conflict of interest.

Karen Marder has received research funding from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) (grants U01 100600, U24107168, and 1UL1R001873), CHDI Foundation, the Michael J. Fox Foundation, Parkinson’s Foundation, Teva Pharmaceuticals, Avanex, and Huntington’s Disease Society of America (HDSA) and also receives honoraria from Springer for participating as Section Editor on Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports.

Jacob S. Hartman declares that he has no conflict of interest.

Yian Gu declares that she has no conflict of interest.

Nikolaos Scarmeas has received personal fees from Merck Consumer Health for participation at a single advisory board meeting.

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This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.

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This article is part of the Topical Collection on Neurological Disease and Cognitive Function

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Zhao, C., Noble, J.M., Marder, K. et al. Dietary Patterns, Physical Activity, Sleep, and Risk for Dementia and Cognitive Decline. Curr Nutr Rep 7, 335–345 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13668-018-0247-9

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