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Natural products and their active principles used in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases: a review

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Abstract

Free radicals are the byproducts of physiological aerobic cellular metabolism. Intrinsic antioxidant system plays its pivotal function in prevention of any loss due to free radicals. Though, incorporation or excess production of free radicals from environment to living system or imbalanced defense mechanism of antioxidant system leads to severe consequences like neuro-degeneration. Sensory or functional loss occurs in neural cells in neurodegenerative diseases. Besides numerous other genetic or environmental factors, oxidative stress is the major cause which leads to damage of neurons and production of neurodegenative diseases. However, oxygen is vital for existence, excessive reactive oxygen species production and imbalanced metabolism leads to a variety of diseases such as aging, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and many other neurodegenative diseases. Free radicals toxicity contributes to DNA and proteins damage, tissue damage, inflammation and consequent cellular apoptosis. Neuroprotection is a broad term commonly used to refer therapeutic strategies that can prevent, delay or even reverse neuronal damage. Since thousands of years, lots of medicinal plants have been used in a group of herbal preparations of Ayurveda (Indian traditional health care system) named Rasayana because of the antioxidant principles present in it, responsible for their medicinal use in neurodegenerative diseases. This work constitutes a literature review on natural products contain antioxidant principles used in the treatment of neurodegenerative disease.

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Acknowledgements

We are indebted to our Assistant Dean, College of Pharmacy for Girls, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia for her constant support and guidance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box No. 173, Al-Kharj, 11942, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

    Mehnaz Kamal

  2. Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box No. 173, Al-Kharj, 11942, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

    Mamuna Naz

  3. Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Al Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, P.O. Box 5701, Othman Ibn Affan Street, Riyadh, 11432, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

    Talha Jawaid

  4. Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Dasauli, Kursi Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226 026, India

    Muhammad Arif

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  1. Mehnaz Kamal
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Correspondence to Mehnaz Kamal.

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Mehnaz Kamal has no conflict of interest. Mamuna Naz has no conflict of interest. Talha Jawaid has no conflict of interest. Muhammad Arif has no conflict of interest.

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Kamal, M., Naz, M., Jawaid, T. et al. Natural products and their active principles used in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases: a review. Orient Pharm Exp Med 19, 343–365 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13596-019-00396-8

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