Abstract
Mercury generates free radicals and oxidative stress which are associated with renal injury. Tribulus terrestris (TT), Boerhavia diffusa (BD), and Terminalia chebula (TC) have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Hydroalcoholic extract of combination of TT, BD and TC were evaluated against mercuric chloride induced nephrotoxicity. Rats (n = 6) were treated with combination of TT, BD and TC in three different doses (198, 300 and 600 mg/kg) of equal ratio of each drug and Combination per se. Drugs were administered orally for period of 7 days. Nephrotoxicity was induced by single dose of mercuric chloride (5 mg/kg, i.p.) on fifth day. Combination of above drugs at all three doses significantly (p < 0.05) decrease blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, malondialdehyde and increase glutathione, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. While treatment of 300 and 600 mg/kg significantly decreases the level of liver fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP) and kidney injury molecule-1 (Kim-1) and administration of combination of 300 mg/kg significantly decreases mercury accumulation in kidney tissues as compared to mercuric chloride control group. Our results indicate that treatment of combination of TT, BD and TC exerted significant protection against renal damage induced by mercuric chloride possibly due to decrease the renal accumulation of mercury and antioxidant activity.
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Abbreviations
- TT:
-
Tribulus terrestris
- BD:
-
Boerhavia diffusa
- TC:
-
Terminalia chebula
- BUN:
-
Blood urea nitrogen
- MDA:
-
Malondialdehyde
- GSH:
-
Glutathione
- SOD:
-
Superoxide dismutase
- GPx:
-
Glutathione peroxidase
- Kim-1:
-
Kidney injury molecule-1
- L-FABP:
-
Liver-fatty acid binding protein
- Cyt c:
-
Cytochrome c
- ROS:
-
Reactive oxygen species
- GFR:
-
Glomerular filtration rate
- BLQ:
-
Below limit of detection
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The authors would like to thank the research section of All India Institute of Medical Sciences for the financial support of this research work.
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The study protocols was approved by Institutional Animal Ethical Committee (IAEC), All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India, having Approval No. 944/IAEC/16.
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Harlokesh Narayan Yadav has no conflict of interest. Uma Shankar Sharma has no conflict of interest. Surender Singh has no conflict of interest. Yogendra Kumar Gupta has no conflict of interest.
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Yadav, H.N., Sharma, U.S., Singh, S. et al. Effect of combination of Tribulus terrestris, Boerhavia diffusa and Terminalia chebula reverses mercuric chloride-induced nephrotoxicity and renal accumulation of mercury in rat. Orient Pharm Exp Med 19, 497–507 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13596-019-00381-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13596-019-00381-1