Abstract
The weak reduction atmosphere, which causes different beginning oxidation temperatures, is often used in the forepart of an industrial furnace to reduce the formation of oxide scale. The present study analyzed the oxidation behavior of a dual-phase Si-containing steel at different beginning oxidation temperatures based on the industrial reheating process. The results indicate that the adoption of the weak reduction atmosphere before the intense oxidation temperature had no profound effects on the oxidation mass gain and the distribution of Fe2SiO4. Therefore, the end temperature of the weak reduction atmosphere must be higher than the intense oxidation temperature. Moreover, the oxidation mass gain and the penetration depth of Fe2SiO4 gradually decreased with the increase in beginning oxidation temperature when the heating temperature was higher than the intense oxidation temperature of the steel. In addition, the oxidation rate remained constant when the heating temperature was higher than the intense oxidation temperature of the steel; thus, oxidation mass gain followed a linear law with time. Furthermore, voids that appeared in oxide scales were attributed to the formation of Fe2SiO4/FeO and volatile products.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ginzburg, V.: B: Steel-rolling technology: theory and practice. Marcel Dekker, New York (1989)
He, B.; Xu, G.; Zhou, M.X.; Yuan, Q.: Effect of oxidation temperature on the oxidation process of silicon-containing steel. Metals 6, 137–145 (2016)
Okada, H.; Fukagawa, T.; Ishihara, H.; Okamoto, A.; Azuma, M.; Matsuda, Y.: Effects of hot-rolling and descaling condition on red scale defects formation. ISIJ Int. 80, 849–854 (1994)
Zhou, M.X.; Xu, G.; Wang, L.; Yuan, Q.: The varying effects of uniaxial compressive stress on the bainitic transformation under different austenitization temperatures. Metals 6, 119–130 (2016)
Hu, H.J.; Xu, G.; Wang, L.; Xue, Z.L.; Zhang, Y.L.; Liu, G.H.: The effects of Nb and Mo addition on transformation and properties in low carbon bainitic steels. Mater. Des. 84, 95–99 (2015)
Liang, W.; Yuan, Q.; Chen, G.H.; Liu, M.; Qiao, W.W.: Fracture evolution in ferrite/martensite dual phase flange steel. Ironmak. Steelmak. (2020). https://doi.org/10.1080/03019233.2020.1733779
Yuan, Q.; Xu, G.; Liang, W.W.; Zhou, M.X.; Hu, H.J.: Effects of oxygen concentration on the passivation of Si-containing steel during high-temperature oxidation. Corros. Rev. 4, 385–393 (2018)
Yuan, Q.; Xu, G.; Liang, W.W.; He, B.; Zhou, M.X.: Effects of oxygen content on the oxidation process of Si-containing steel during anisothermal heating. Int. J. Min. Met. Mater. 25, 164–172 (2018)
Yang, Y.L.; Yang, C.H.; Lin, S.N.: Effects of Si and its content on the scale formation on hot-rolled steel strips. Mater. Chem. Phys. 2, 566–571 (2008)
Yang, C.H.; Lin, S.N.; Chen, C.H.: Effect of temperature and straining on the oxidation behavior of electrical steels. Oxid. Met. 72, 145–157 (2009)
Kusabiraki, K.; Watanabe, R.; Ikehata, T.: High-temperature oxidation behavior and scale morphology of Si-containing steels. ISIJ Int. 47, 1329–1334 (2007)
Suarez, L.; Schneider, J.; Houbaert, Y.: High-temperature oxidation of Fe–Si alloys in the temperature range 900–1250 °C. Defect Diffus, Forum (2008)
Suarez, L.; Schneider, J.; Houbaert, Y.: Effect of Si on High-temperature oxidation of steel during hot rolling. Defect Diffus, Forum (2008)
Okada, H.; Fukagawa, T.; Ishihara, H.: Prevention of red scale formation during hot rolling of steels. ISIJ Int. 35, 886–891 (1995)
Fukagawa, T.; Okada, H.; Maeharara, Y.: Mechanical of red scale defect formation in Si-added hot-rolled steels. ISIJ Int. 34, 906–911 (1994)
Liu, X.J.; Cao, G.M.; He, Y.Q.; Jia, T.; Liu, Z.Y.: Effect of temperature on scale morphology of Fe–15 Si alloy. J. Iron Steel Res. Int. 20, 73–78 (2013)
Takeda, M.; Onishi, T.: Oxidation behavior and scale properties on the Si containing steels. Mater. Sci. Forum 522–523, 477–488 (2006)
Li, S.J.; Liu, Y.B.; Zhang, W.; Sun, Q.S.; Wang, L.P.: Effects of silicon on spring steel oxidation rate under 2% residual oxygen atmosphere. J. Iron. Steel Res. Int. 27, 55–60 (2015). (In Chinese)
Abuluwefa, H.; Guthrie, R.I.L.; Ajersch, F.: The effect of oxygen concentration on the oxidation of low-carbon steel in the temperature range 1000 to 1250 °C. Oxid. Met. 46, 423–440 (1996)
Upthegrove, C.: Scaling of steel at heat-treating temperatures. George Banta Publ., Menasha (1933)
Yuan, Q.; Xu, G.; Zhou, M.X.; He, B.: The effect of the Si content on the morphology and amount of Fe2SiO4 in low carbon steels. Metals 6, 94–102 (2016)
Yuan, Q.; Xu, G.; Zhou, M.X.; He, B.: New insights into the effects of silicon content on the oxidation process in silicon-containing steels. Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater. 23, 1–8 (2016)
Mouayd, A.A.; Koltsov, A.; Sutter, E.; Tribollet, B.: Effect of silicon content in steel and oxidation temperature on scale growth and morphology. Mater. Chem. Phys. 143, 996–1004 (2014)
Cao, G.M.; Liu, X.J.; Sun, B.; Liu, Z.Y.: Morphology of oxide scale and oxidation kinetics of low carbon steel. Iron Steel Res. Int. 21, 335–341 (2014)
Logani, R.C.; Smeltzer, W.W.: The development of the wustite-fayalite scale on an iron-15 wt% silicon alloy at 1000 °C. Oxid Met. 3, 15–32 (1971)
Adachi, T.; Meier, G.H.: Oxidation of iron–silicon alloys. Oxid. Met. 27, 347–366 (1987)
Birks, N.; Meier, G.H.; Pettit, F.S.: Introduction to the high-temperature oxidation of metals. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2010)
Xu, G.X.; Wang, X.Y.: Structure of matter [M], 2nd edn. Science Press, Beijing (2010)
Wang, P.W.; Feng, Y.P.; Roth, W.L.; Corbett, J.W.: Diffusion behavior of implanted iron in fused silica glass. J. Non-Cryst. Solids 104, 81–84 (1988)
Li, Y.; Fruehan, R.J.; Lucas, J.A.; Belton, G.R.: The chemical diffusivity of oxygen in liquid iron oxide and a calcium ferrite. Metall. Mater. Trans. B 31, 1059–1068 (2000)
Zhang, L.; Zhang, W.; Zhang, J.H.; Li, G.Q.: Oxidation kinetics and oxygen capacity of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag under dynamic oxidation conditions. Metals 6, 105–120 (2016)
Garnaud, G.; Rapp, R.A.: Thickness of the oxide layers formed during the oxidation of iron. Oxid. Met. 11, 193–198 (1977)
Liu, X.J.; Cao, G.M.; Nie, D.M.; Liu, Z.Y.: Mechanism of black strips generated on surface of hot-rolled silicon steel. Iron Steel Res. Int. 20, 54–59 (2013)
Acknowledgements
The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial supports from the Post-doctoral Innovative Research Post of Hubei Province, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (No 51874216), the Major Projects of Technology Innovation of Hubei Province (2017AAA116), and Hebei Joint Research Fund for Iron and Steel (E2018318013).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Liu, M., Yuan, Q., Tian, J. et al. Investigation on the Oxidation Behavior of Dual-Phase Silicon-Containing Steel at Different Beginning Oxidation Temperatures. Arab J Sci Eng 45, 9015–9022 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-020-04664-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-020-04664-7