Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The genetic diversity of group-1 homoeologs and characterization of novel LMW-GS genes from Chinese Xinjiang winter wheat landraces (Triticum aestivum L.)

  • Plant Genetics • Original Paper
  • Published:
Journal of Applied Genetics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Group-1 homoelog genes in wheat genomes encode storage proteins and are the major determinants of wheat product properties. Consequently, understanding the genetic diversity of group-1 homoelogs and genes encoding storage proteins, especially the low-molecular-weight glutenins (LMW-GSs), within wheat landrace genomes is necessary to further improve the quality of modern wheat crops. The genetic diversity of group-1 homoelogs in 75 Xinjiang winter wheat landraces was evaluated by Diversity Arrays Technology (DArT) markers. These data were used to select 15 landraces for additional LMW-GS gene isolation. The genetic similarity coefficients among landraces were highly similar regardless if considering the diversity markers on 1A, 1B, and 1D chromosomes individually or using all of the markers together. These similarities were evinced by the generation of four similar cluster dendrograms that comprised 11–15 landrace groups, regardless of the dataset used to generate the dendrograms. A total of 105 LMW-GS sequences corresponding to 79 unique genes were identified overall by using primers designed to target Glu-A3 and Glu-B3 loci, and 54 mature proteins were predicted from the unique LMW-GS genes. Nine novel chimeric LMW-GS genes were also identified, of which, one was recombinant for -i/-m, one for -s/-m, and seven for -m/-m parent genes, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis separated all of the LMW-GSs into three clades that were supported by moderate bootstrap values (> 70%). The clades corresponded to LMW-GS genes primarily harboring different N-terminals. These results provide useful information for better understanding the evolutionary genetics of the important Glu-3 locus of wheat, and they also provide new novel gene targets that can potentially be exploited to improve wheat quality.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Beom HR, Kim JS, Jang YR, Lim SH, Kim CK, Lee CK, Lee JY (2018) Proteomic analysis of low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits and relationship with their genes in a common wheat variety. 3. Biotech 8:56

    Google Scholar 

  • Cassidy BG, Dvorak J, Anderson OD (1998) The wheat low-molecular-weight glutenin genes: characterization of six new genes and progress in understanding gene family structure. Theor Appl Genet 96:743–750

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cloutier S, Rampitsch C, Penner GA, Lukow OM (2001) Cloning and expression of a LMW-i glutenin gene. J Cereal Sci 33:143–154

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cong H, Takata K, Zong YF, Ikeda TM, Yanaka M, Nagamine T, FujimakiH (2005) Novel high molecular weight glutenin subunits at the Glu-D1 locus in wheat landraces from the Xinjiang district of China and relationship with winter habit. Breed Sci 55:459–463

  • Cong H, Takata K, Ikeda TM, Yanaka M, Fujimaki H, Nagamine T (2007) Characterization of a novel high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit pair 2.6 + 12 in common wheat landraces in the Xinjiang Uygur autonomous district of China. Breed Sci 57:253–255

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cuesta S, Alvarez JB, Guzmán C (2017) Identification and molecular characterization of novel LMW-m and -s glutenin genes and a chimeric -m/-i glutenin gene in 1A chromosome of three diploid Triticum species. J Cereal Sci 74:46–55

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • D’Ovidio R, Masci S (2004) The low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits of wheat gluten. J Cereal Sci 39:321–339

    Google Scholar 

  • Delcour JA, Joye IJ, Pareyt B, Wilderjans E, Brijs K, Lagrain B (2012) Wheat gluten functionality as a quality determinant in cereal based food products. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 3:469–492

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ding Y, Zhou Q, Wang W (2012) Origins of new genes and evolution of their novel functions. Annu Rev Ecol Evol Syst 43:345–363

    Google Scholar 

  • Dong LL, Zhang XF, Liu DC, Fan HJ, Sun JZ, Zhang ZJ, Qin HJ, Li B, Hao ST, Li ZS, Wang DW, Zhang AM, Ling HQ (2010) New insights into the organization, recombination, expression and functional mechanism of low molecular weight glutenin subunit genes in bread wheat. PLoS One 5:e13548

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Doyle JJ, Doyle JL (1990) Isolation of plant DNA from fresh tissue. Focus 12:13–15

    Google Scholar 

  • Du XY, Hu JM, Ma X, He JF, Hou WQ, Guo J, Bo CY, Wang HW, Li AF, Kong LR (2019) Molecular characterization and marker development for high molecular weight glutenin subunit 1Dy12** from Yunnan hulled wheat. Mol Breed 39:4

    Google Scholar 

  • Fang JY, Liu Y, Luo J, Wang YS, Shewry PR, He GY (2009) Allelic variation and genetic diversity of high molecular weight glutenin subunit in Chinese endemic wheats (Triticum aestivum L.). Euphytica 166:177–182

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Feng B, An XL, Xu ZB, Liu DC, Zhang AM, Wu N, Wang T (2011) Molecular cloning of a novel chimeric HMW glutenin subunit gene 1Dx5′ from a common wheat line W958. Mol Breed 28:163–170

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guo XM, Guo JX, Li XQ, Yang XM, Li LH (2010) Molecular characterization of two novel Glu-D1 encoded subunits from Chinese wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) landrace and functional properties of flours possessing the two novel subunits. Genet Resour Crop Evol 57:1217–1225

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guo XH, Bi ZG, Wu BH, Wang ZZ, Hu JL, Zheng YL, Liu DC (2013) ChAy/Bx, a novel chimeric high molecular weight glutenin subunit gene apparently created by homoeologous recombination in Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides. Gene 531:318–325

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Harberd NP, Bartels D,Thompson RD (1985) Analysis of the gliadin multigene loci in bread wheat using nullisomic-tetrasomic lines. Mol Gen Genet 198:234–242

  • Huang XQ, Cloutier S (2008) Molecular characterization and genomic organization of low molecular weight glutenin subunit genes at the Glu-3 loci in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Theor Appl Genet 116:953–966

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ikeda TM, Nagamine T, Fukuoka H, Yano H (2002) Identification of new low molecular weight glutenin subunit genes in wheat. Theor Appl Genet 104:680–687

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ikeda TM, Araki E, Fujita Y, Yano H (2006) Characterization of low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit genes and their protein products in common wheats. Theor Appl Genet 112:327–334

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar S, Stecher G, Tamura K (2016) MEGA7: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 7.0 for bigger datasets. Mol Biol Evol 33:1870–1874

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Lan Q, Feng B, Xu Z, Zhao G, Wang T (2013) Molecular cloning and characterization of five novel low molecular weight glutenin subunit genes from Tibetan wheat landraces (Triticum aestivum L.). Genet Resour Crop Evol 60:799–806

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee JY, Beom HR, Altenbach SB, Lim SH, Kim YT, Kang CS, Yoon UH, Gupta R, Kim ST, Ahn SN, Kim YM (2016) Comprehensive identification of LMW-GS genes and their protein products in a common wheat variety. Funct Integr Genomics 16:269–279

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lew EJL, Kuzmicky DD, Kasarda DD (1992) Characterization of low molecular weight glutenin subunits by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and N-terminal amino acid sequencing. Cereal Chem 69:508–515

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li LH, Zheng DS, Yang XM, Li XQ, Liu SC, Song CH (1998) Diversity evaluation of wheat germplasm resources in China. Genet Resour Crop Evol 45:167–172

    Google Scholar 

  • Li XH, Ma WJ, Gao LY, Zhang YZ, Wang AL, Ji KM, Wang K, Appels R, Yan YM (2008) A novel chimeric low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit gene from the wild relatives of wheat Aegilops kotschyi and Ae. juvenalis: evolution at the Glu-3 loci. Genetics 180:93–101

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Long H, Wei YM, Yan ZH, Baum B, Nevo E, Zheng YL (2005) Classification of wheat low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit genes and its chromosome assignment by developing LMW-GS group-specific primers. Theor Appl Genet 111:1251–1259

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Maruyama-Funatsuki W, Takata K, Funatsuki H, Tabiki T, Ito M, Nishio Z, Kato A, Saito K, Yahata E, Saruyama H, Yamauchi H (2005) Identification and characterization of a novel LMW-s glutenin gene of a Canadian western extra-strong wheat. J Cereal Sci 41:47–57

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nagy IJ, Takács I, Juhász A, Tamás L, Bedő Z (2005) Identification of a new class of recombinant prolamin genes in wheat. Genome 48:840–847

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Newton AC, Akar T, Baresel JP, Bebeli PJ, Bettencourt E, Bladenopoulos KV, Czembor JH, Fasoula DA, Katsiotis A, Koutis K, Koutsika-Sotiriou M, Kovacs G, Larsson H, Pinheiro de Carvalho MAA, Rubiales D, Russell J, Dos Santos TMM, Vaz Patto MC (2010) Cereal landraces for sustainable Agriculture. In: Lichtfouse E, Hamelin M, Navarrete M, Debaeke P. (eds) Sustainable agriculture. Springer, Dordrecht 2:147–186

  • Payne PI (1987) Genetics of wheat storage proteins and the effect of allelic variation on bread-making quality. Annu Rev Plant Physiol 38:141–153

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peng Y, Yu Z, Islam S, Zhang Y, Wang X, Lei Z, Yu K, Sun D, Ma W (2016) Allelic variation of LMW-GS composition in Chinese wheat landraces of the Yangtze-River region detected by MALDI-TOF-MS. Breed Sci 66:646–652

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Qin LM, Liang Y, Yang DZ, Sun L, Xia GM, Liu SW (2015) Novel LMW glutenin subunit genes from wild emmer wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides) in relation to Glu-3 evolution. Dev Genes Evol 225:31–37

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rasheed A, Xia XC, Yan YM, Appels R, Mahmood T, He ZH (2014) Wheat seed storage proteins: advances in molecular genetics, diversity and breeding applications. J Cereal Sci 60:11–24

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rohlf JF (2000) NTSYS-pc: numerical taxonomy and multivariate analysis system. Applied Biostatistics, Exerter Publishing Ltd., New York, Software

  • Shen LS, Luo GB, Song YH, Song SY, Li YW, Yang WL, Li X, Sun JZ, Liu DC, Zhang AM (2018) Low molecular weight glutenin subunit gene composition at Glu-D3 loci of Aegilops tauschii and common wheat and a further view of wheat evolution. Theor Appl Genet 131:2745–2763

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shewry PR, Tatham AS, Barro F, Barcelo P, Lazzeri P (1995) Biotechnology of breadmaking: unraveling and manipulating the multi-protein gluten complex. Nat Biotechnol 13:1185–1190

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sohail Q, Manickavelu A, Ban T (2015) Genetic diversity analysis of Afghan wheat landraces (Triticum aestivum) using DArT markers. Genet Resour Crop Evol 62:1147–1157

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sun X, Hu SL, Liu X, Qian WQ, Hao ST, Zhang AM, Wang DW (2006) Characterization of the HMW glutenin subunits from Aegilops searsii and identification of a novel variant HMW glutenin subunit. Theor Appl Genet 113:631–641

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Thompson JD, Higgins DG, Gibson TJ (1994) Clustal W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. Nucleic Acids Res 22:4673–4680

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Wang LH, Zhao XL, He ZH, Ma W, Appels R, Peña RJ, Xia XC (2009) Characterization of low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit Glu-B3 genes and development of STS markers in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Theor Appl Genet 118:525–539

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wang LH, Li GY, Peña RJ, Xia XC, He ZH (2010) Development of STS markers and establishment of multiplex PCR for Glu-A3 alleles in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). J Cereal Sci 51:305–312

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang DW, Li F, Cao SH, Zhang KP (2020) Genomic and functional genomics analyses of gluten proteins and prospect for simultaneous improvement of end-use and health-related traits in wheat. Theor Appl Genet 133:1521–1539

  • Zhang X, Liu D, Jiang W, Guo X, Yang W, Sun J, Ling H, Zhang A (2011) PCR-based isolation and identification of full length low molecular weight glutenin subunit genes in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Theor Appl Genet 123:1293–1305

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang XF, Liu DC, Zhang JH, Jiang W, Luo GB, Yang WL, Sun JZ, Tong YP, Cui DQ, Zhang AM (2013) Novel insights into the composition variation organization and expression of the low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit gene family in common wheat. J Exp Bot 64:2027–2040

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Zheng W, Peng YC, Ma JH, Appels R, Sun DF, Ma WJ (2011) High frequency of abnormal high molecular weight glutenin alleles in Chinese wheat landraces of the Yangtze-River region. J Cereal Sci 54:401–408

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

We thank LetPub (www.letpub.com) for its linguistic assistance during the preparation of this manuscript.

Funding

This research was supported by the grants from the Natural National Science Foundation of China (U1403185, 31771783), the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2016YFD0100502, 2017YFD0100903), Sichuan Science and Technology Program (No. 2018HH0113 and No. 2018HH0130), the Key Research and Development Program of Sichuan Province (2018NZDZX0002), and the project of Urumqi science and Technology Bureau (Z161210002).

Author information

Author notes

  1. Xinkun Hu and Shoufen Dai contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China

    Xinkun Hu, Shoufen Dai, Yaxi Liu, Yuming Wei, Youliang Zheng & Zehong Yan

  2. Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China

    Xinkun Hu, Shoufen Dai, Yaxi Liu, Yuming Wei, Youliang Zheng & Zehong Yan

  3. Institute of Crop Germplasm Resource, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, 830091, People’s Republic of China

    Yongliang Yan, Jinbo Zhang, Zifeng Lu & Hua Cong

Authors
  1. Xinkun Hu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Shoufen Dai
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Yongliang Yan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Yaxi Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Jinbo Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Zifeng Lu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Yuming Wei
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Youliang Zheng
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Hua Cong
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. Zehong Yan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

SFD, ZHY, and YLY conceived and designed the experiment. XKH performed the experiment. XKH, YXL, and YMW analyzed the data. YLZ and HC provided suggestions; JBZ and ZFL planted the materials. XKH and ZHY wrote the paper.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Yongliang Yan or Zehong Yan.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Additional information

Communicated by: Izabela Pawłowicz

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Electronic supplementary material

ESM 1

(PDF 85 kb)

ESM 2

(PDF 64 kb)

ESM 3

(PDF 107 kb)

ESM 4

(PDF 131 kb)

ESM 5

(PDF 312 kb)

ESM 6

(PDF 374 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Hu, X., Dai, S., Yan, Y. et al. The genetic diversity of group-1 homoeologs and characterization of novel LMW-GS genes from Chinese Xinjiang winter wheat landraces (Triticum aestivum L.). J Appl Genetics 61, 379–389 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13353-020-00564-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13353-020-00564-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation