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Long acting systemic HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis: an examination of the field

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Abstract

Oral pre-exposure prophylaxis for the prevention of HIV-1 transmission (HIV PrEP) has been widely successful as demonstrated by a number of clinical trials. However, studies have also demonstrated the need for patients to tightly adhere to oral dosing regimens in order to maintain protective plasma and tissue concentrations. This is especially true for women, who experience less forgiveness from dose skipping than men in clinical trials of HIV PrEP. There is increasing interest in long-acting (LA), user-independent forms of HIV PrEP that could overcome this adherence challenge. These technologies have taken multiple forms including LA injectables and implantables. Phase III efficacy trials are ongoing for a LA injectable candidate for HIV PrEP. This review will focus on the design considerations for both LA injectable and implantable platforms for HIV PrEP. Additionally, we have summarized the existing LA technologies currently in clinical and pre-clinical studies for HIV PrEP as well as other technologies that have been applied to HIV PrEP and contraceptives. Our discussion will focus on the potential application of these technologies in low resource areas, and their use in global women’s health.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to acknowledge Zach Demkovich for his help with literature reviews, and reviews of the draft manuscript. We would also like to acknowledge Meredith Clark, Gustavo Doncel, and Marc Baum for the use of figures and information. This research is made possible by the generous support of the American people through the US President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief. The contents are the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID, PEPFAR, or the US Government. The TFPD program is also sponsored by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. WL is funded by the NSF GRFP.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco and Berkeley, CA, USA

    William R. Lykins & Tejal A. Desai

  2. Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA

    William R. Lykins, Daniel Johengen, Ariane van der Straten & Tejal A. Desai

  3. Women’s Global Health Imperative, RTI International, San Francisco, CA, USA

    Ellen Luecke

  4. Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA

    Ariane van der Straten

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Lykins, W.R., Luecke, E., Johengen, D. et al. Long acting systemic HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis: an examination of the field. Drug Deliv. and Transl. Res. 7, 805–816 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13346-017-0391-6

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