Skip to main content
Log in

2017 Daniel McAlpine Memorial Lecture. A ‘genome to paddock’ approach to control plant disease

  • Review
  • Published:
Australasian Plant Pathology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Pathogenic fungi evolve in concert with their plant hosts to invade and overcome defence responses. A detailed knowledge of these processes is essential for integrated disease management strategies. Blackleg caused by the fungus, Leptosphaeria maculans, is the major disease of canola (Brassica napus) worldwide. In this article, I describe the development of a multidisciplinary research program that has been applied to control this disease in Australia. Information about the biology, molecular genetics and genomics of the blackleg fungus coupled with knowledge of disease incidence and severity in the field has been exploited to avert yield losses due to disease.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Balesdent H, Attard A, Ansan-Melayah D, Delourme R, Renard M, Rouxel T (2001) Genetic control and host range of avirulence toward Brassica napus cultivars Quinta and Jet Neuf in Leptosphaeria maculans. Phytopathology 91:70–76

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dean RA, Talbot NJ, Ebbole DJ, Farman ML, Mitchell TK et al (2005) The genome sequence of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea. Nat 434:980–986

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gout L, Fudal I, Kuhn ML, Blaise F, Eckert M, Cattolico L, Balesdent MH, Rouxel T (2006) Lost in the middle of nowhere: the AvrLm1 avirulence gene of the Dothideomycete Leptosphaeria maculans. Mol Microbiol 60:67–80

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hane JK, Lowe RG, Solomon PS, Tan KC, Schoch CL et al (2007) Dothideomycete plant interactions illuminated by genome sequencing and EST analysis of the wheat pathogen Stagonospora nodorum. Plant Cell 19:3347–3368

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hane JK, Oliver RP (2008) RIPCAL: a tool for alignment-based analysis of repeat-induced point mutations in fungal genomic sequences. BMC Bioinformatics 9:478

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Idnurm A, Howlett BJ (2003) Analysis of loss of pathogenicity mutants reveals that repeat-induced point mutations can occur in the Dothideomycete Leptosphaeria maculans. Fung Genet Biol 39:31–37

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marcroft SJ, Elliott VL, Cozijnsen AJ, Salisbury PA, Howlett BJ, Van de Wouw AP (2012a) Identifying resistance genes to Leptosphaeria maculans in Australian Brassica napus cultivars based on reactions to isolates with known avirulence genotypes. Crop Pasture Sci 63:338–350

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marcroft SJ, Van de Wouw AP, Salisbury PA, Potter TD, Howlett BJ (2012b) Rotation of canola (Brassica napus) cultivars with different complements of blackleg resistance genes decreases disease severity. Plant Path 61:934–944

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Plummer KM, Howlett BJ (1993) Major chromosomal length polymorphisms are evident after meiosis in the phytopathogenic fungus Leptosphaeria maculans. Curr Genet 24:107–113

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Plummer KM, Howlett BJ (1995) Inheritance of chromosomal length polymorphisms in the ascomycete Leptosphaeria maculans. Mol Gen Genet 247:416–422

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rouxel T, Grandaubert J, Hane JK, Hoede C, Van De Wouw AP et al (2011) Effector diversification within compartments of the Leptosphaeria maculans genome affected by Repeat-Induced Point mutations. Nat Commun 2:n202

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sprague SJ, Marcroft SJ, Hayden HL, Howlett BJ (2006) Major gene resistance to blackleg in Brassica napus overcome within three years of commercial production in southeastern Australia. Plant Dis 90:190–198

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van de Wouw AP, Cozijnsen AJ, Hane JK, Brunner PC, McDonald BA, Oliver RP, Howlett BJ (2010a) Evolution of linked avirulence effectors in Leptosphaeria maculans is affected by genomic environment and exposure to resistance genes in host plants. PLoS Path 6:e1001180

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Van De Wouw AP, Elliott VL, Chang S, Lopes-Ruiz F, Marcroft SJ, Idnurm A (2017) Identification of isolates of the plant pathogen Leptosphaeria maculans with resistance to the triazole fungicide fluquinconazole using a novel In Planta assay. PLoS One. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0188106

  • Van De Wouw AP, Howlett BJ (2012) Estimating frequencies of virulent isolates in field populations of a plant pathogenic fungus, Leptosphaeria maculans, using high-throughput pyrosequencing. J Appl Microbiol 113:1145–1153

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Van de Wouw AP, Marcroft SJ, Barbetti MJ, Hua L, Salisbury PA, Gout L, Rouxel T, Howlett BJ, Balesdent MH (2009) Dual control of avirulence in Leptosphaeria maculans towards a Brassica napus cultivar with ‘sylvestris’-derived resistance suggests involvement of two resistance genes. Plant Path 58:305–313

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van de Wouw AP, Marcroft SJ, Ware A, Lindbeck K, Khangura R, Howlett BJ (2014) Breakdown of resistance to the fungal disease, blackleg, is averted in commercial canola (Brassica napus) crops in Australia. Field Crops Res 166:144–151

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van de Wouw AP, Marcroft SJ, Howlett BJ (2016) Blackleg disease of canola in Australia. Crop Pasture Sci 67:273–282

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van de Wouw AP, Stonard JF, Howlett BJ, West JS, Fitt BD, Atkins SD (2010b) Determining frequencies of avirulent alleles in airborne Leptosphaeria maculans inoculum using quantitative PCR. Plant Path 59:809–818

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

I am extremely grateful to colleagues mentioned in this article as well as to other laboratory members, and national and international collaborators. I also thank the Grains Research and Development Corporation for sustained funding over the years.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Barbara J. Howlett.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Howlett, B.J. 2017 Daniel McAlpine Memorial Lecture. A ‘genome to paddock’ approach to control plant disease. Australasian Plant Pathol. 47, 239–243 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13313-018-0544-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13313-018-0544-1

Keywords

Navigation