Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Numerical investigation of slot variations on the efficiency of tangential blowing at a vertical tailplane with infinite span

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
CEAS Aeronautical Journal Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

On a swept vertical tailplane with infinite span tangential blowing over the shoulder of a deflected rudder is applied. For large rudder deflection angles the flow on the rudder is separated without blowing. A numerical study is conducted with the aim to increase the side force coefficient. This could, for example, be required during take-off if the engine on one side fails, necessitating the compensation of a large yawing moment. If this criterion is critical for the sizing of the vertical tailplane, active flow control like tangential blowing could help to reduce the size of the vertical tailplane and thus save weight and fuel. With a continuous slot it is demonstrated that the separation on the rudder can be reduced or avoided. It is shown that using discrete slots this can be achieved with a smaller momentum coefficient. To analyze the effects of the discrete slots and their jets on each other and their effectivity with regard to the gain in side force coefficient a parameter study is conducted. The number of slots as well as the size of the slots in spanwise direction is varied and the impact of jet velocity changes is also studied. In comparing the results for a constant increase in side force and constant slot size in spanwise direction the configuration with the smaller number of slots but a higher jet velocity proved to be the most effective one.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17
Fig. 18
Fig. 19
Fig. 20
Fig. 21
Fig. 22
Fig. 23

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

AFC:

Active flow control

DLR:

Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (German Aerospace Center)

LUSGS:

Lower–upper symmetric Gauss–Seidel

OEI:

One-engine-inoperative

RANS:

Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (equations)

SARC:

Spalart and Allmaras turbulence model with vortical and rotational flow correction

VTP:

Vertical tailplane

2D:

Two dimensional

3D:

Three dimensional

A ref :

Reference area (m2)

A j :

Area of the slot orifice (m2)

c :

Chord length (m)

C fx :

Skin friction coefficient (–)

C Y :

Side force coefficient (–)

C μ :

Momentum coefficient (–)

DC:

Duty cycle (–)

g :

Gap size between slots (m)

h Slot :

Slot height (m)

l Slot :

Slot length in chord direction (m)

M :

Mach number (–)

\(\dot{m}_{\text{j}}\) :

Mass flow rate of the jet (kg/s)

N :

Number of slots per calculated span (–)

v j :

Jet velocity (m/s)

v ∞ :

Reference onset flow velocity (m/s)

w :

Slot width in spanwise direction (m)

y + :

Dimensionless wall distance (–)

ϕ :

Sweep angle (deg)

ρ j :

Jet density (kg/m3)

ρ ∞ :

Reference onset flow density (kg/m3)

ω x :

Rotation direction in x-direction (1/rad)

References

  1. Seifert, A., Tilmann, C. P.: Control of flow separation for fixed wing airfoil applications, In: Bonnet, J.-P., Anthoine, J. (eds.) Flow control: fundamentals, advances and applications. Von Karman Institute for Fluid dynamics lecture series 2009–02, Rhode Saint Genese, Belgium (2009)

  2. Andino, M. Y., Lin, J. C., Washburn, A. E., Whalen, E. A., Graff, E. C., Wygnanski, I. J.: Flow separation control on a full-scale vertical tail model using sweeping jet actuators. AIAA Paper 2015-0785 (2015)

  3. Childs, R. E., Stremel, P. M., Garcia, J. A., Heineck, J. T., Kushner, L. K., Stormsk, B. L.: Simulation of sweep-jet flow control, single jet and full vertical tail. AIAA Paper 2016-0569 (2016)

  4. Pfingsten, K. C., Radespiel, R.: Experimental and numerical investigation of a circulation control airfoil. AIAA Paper 2009-533 (2009)

  5. Burnazzi, M., Radespiel, R.: Design of a droopnose configuration for a coanda active flap application. AIAA Paper 2013-0487 (2013)

  6. Rathay, N. W., Boucher, M. J., Amitay, M., Whalen, E.: Performance enhancement of a vertical stabilizer using synthetic jet actuators: no sideslip. AIAA Paper 2012-0071 (2012)

  7. Rathay, N. W., Boucher, M. J., Amitay, M., Whalen, E.: Performance enhancement of a vertical stabilizer using synthetic jet actuators: non-zero sideslip. AIAA Paper 2012-2657 (2012)

  8. Seele, R., Graft, E., Gharib, M.: Improving rudder effectiveness with sweeping jet actuators. AIAA Paper 2012-3244 (2012)

  9. Lin, J. C., Andino, M. Y., Alexander, M. G., Whalen, E. A., Spoor, M. A., Tran, J. T., Wygnanski, I. J.: An overview of active flow control enhanced vertical tail technology development. AIAA Paper 2016-0056 (2016)

  10. Shmilovich, A., Yadlin, Y., Whalen, E.: Computational evaluation of flow control for enhanced control authority of a vertical tail, AIAA Paper 2015-3311 (2015)

  11. Kröhnert, A.: Numerical investigation of tangential blowing at the rudder of a vertical tailplane airfoil. AIAA Paper 2014-2143 (2014)

  12. Ciobaca, V.: Validation of Numerical simulations for separation control on high-lift configurations, Ph.D. Thesis, DLR (German Aerospace Center) (2014)

  13. CentaurSoft: Centaur Hybrid Grid Generation System, http://www.centaursoft.com (2016). Accessed 26 Aug 2016

  14. Gerhold, T.: Overview of the hybrid RANS code TAU. In: Kroll, N., Fassbender, J. (eds.) MEGAFLOW—numerical flow simulation for aircraft design. Notes on numerical fluid mechanics and multidisciplinary design, NNFM, vol. 89, pp. 81–92. Springer, Heidelberg (2005)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  15. Spalart, P., Allmaras, S.: One-equation turbulence model for aerodynamic flows. AIAA Paper 92-0439 (1992)

  16. Shur, M.L., Strelets, M.K., Travin, A.K., Spalart, P.R.: Turbulence modeling in rotating and curved channels: assessing the Spalart–Shur correction. AIAA J 38(5), 784–792 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Pfingsten, K.-C., Jensch, C., Körber, K. W., Radespiel, R.: Numerical simulation of the flow around circulation control airfoils. CEAS 2007-377 (2007)

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. German Aerospace Center (DLR), Aerodynamics and Flow Technology, Lilienthalplatz 7, 38108, Brunswick, Germany

    A. Gebhardt & J. Kirz

Authors
  1. A. Gebhardt
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. J. Kirz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to A. Gebhardt.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Gebhardt, A., Kirz, J. Numerical investigation of slot variations on the efficiency of tangential blowing at a vertical tailplane with infinite span. CEAS Aeronaut J 9, 195–206 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13272-018-0288-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13272-018-0288-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation