Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Effect of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC)-induced ethylene on cellulose synthase A (CesA) genes in flax (Linum usitatissimum L. ‘Nike’) seedlings

  • Research Article
  • Published:
Genes & Genomics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Introduction

Cellulose microfibril is a major cell wall polymer that plays an important role in the growth and development of plants. The gene cellulose synthase A (CesA), encoding cellulose synthases, is involved in the synthesis of cellulose microfibrils. However, the regulatory mechanism of CesA gene expression is not well understood, especially during the early developmental stages.

Objective

To identify factor(s) that regulate the expression of CesA genes and ultimately control seedling growth and development.

Methods

The presence of cis-elements in the promoter region of the eight CesA genes identified in flax (Linum usitatissimum L. ‘Nike’) seedlings was verified, and three kinds of ethylene-responsive cis-elements were identified in the promoters. Therefore, the effect of ethylene on the expression of four selected CesA genes classified into Clades 1 and 6 after treatment with 10−4 and 10−3 M 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) was examined in the hypocotyl of 4–6-day-old flax seedlings.

Results

ACC-induced ethylene either up- or down-regulated the expression of the CesA genes depending on the clade to which these genes belonged, age of seedlings, part of the hypocotyl, and concentration of ACC.

Conclusion

Ethylene might be one of the factors regulating the expression of CesA genes in flax seedlings.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abbas M, Alabadi D, Blázquez MA (2013) Differential growth at the apical hook: all roads lead to auxin. Front Plant Sci 4:441

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Burton RA, Shirley NJ, King BJ, Harvey AJ, Fincher GB (2004) The CesA gene family of barley. Quantitative analysis of transcripts reveals two groups of co-expressed genes. Plant Physiol 134:224–236

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Chang WC, Lee TY, Huang HD, Huang HY, Pan RL (2008) PlantPAN: Plant promoter analysis navigator, for identifying combinatorial cis-regulatory elements with distance constraint in plant gene groups. BMC Genom 9:561

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chantreau M, Chabbert B, Billiard S, Hawkins S, Neutelings G (2015) Functional analyses of cellulose synthase genes in flax (Linum usitatissimum) by virus-induced gene silencing. Plant Biotechnol J. https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.12350

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chow CN, Zheng HQ, Wu NY, Chien CH, Huang HD, Lee TY, Chiang-Hsieh YF, Hou PF, Yang TY, Chang WC (2016) PlantPAN 2.0: an update of plant promoter analysis navigator for reconstructing transcriptional regulatory networks in plants. Nucl Acids Res 44:D1154–D1160

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Clark AF, Villemez CL (1972) The formation of ß, 1 → 4 glucan from UDP-α-d-glucose catalyzed by a Phaseolus aureus enzyme. Plant Physiol 50:371–374

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Doblin MS, Kurek I, Jacob-Wilk D, Delmer DP (2002) Cellulose biosynthesis in plants: from genes to rosettes. Plant Cell Physiol 43:1407–1420

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Endres MW, Gregory BD, Gao Z, Foreman AW, Mlotshwa S, Ge X, Pruss GJ, Ecker JR, Bowman LH, Vance V (2010) Two plant viral suppressors of silencing require the ethylene-inducible host transcription factor RAV2 to block RNA silencing. PLoS Pathog 6:e1000729

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Feng Y, Xu P, Li B, Li P, Wen X, An F, Gong Y, Xin Y, Zhu Z, Wang Y, Guo H (2017) Ethylene promotes root hair growth through coordinated EIN3/EIL1 and RHD6/RSL1 activity in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 114:13834–13839

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Goodstein DM, Shu S, Howson R, Neupane R, Hayes RD, Fazo J, Mitros T, Dirks W, Hellsten U, Putnam N, Rokhsar DS (2012) Phytozome: a comparative platform for green plant genomics. Nucleic Acids Res 40:D1178–D1186

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hamann T, Osborne E, Youngs HL, Misson J, Nussaume L, Somerville C (2004) Global expression analysis of CESA and CSL genes in Arabidopsis. Cellulose 11:279–286

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Held MA, Penning B, Brandt AS, Kessans SA, Yong W, Scofield SR (2008) Small-interfering RNAs from natural antisense transcripts derived from a cellulose synthase gene modulate cell wall biosynthesis in barley. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105:20534–20539

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Higo K, Ugawa Y, Iwamoto M, Korenaga T (1999) Plant cis-acting regulatory DNA elements (PLACE) database: 1999. Nucleic Acids Res 27:297–300

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Holland N, Holland D, Helentjaris T, Dhugga KS, Xoconostle-Cazares B, Delmer DP (2000) A comparative analysis of the plant cellulose synthase (CesA) gene family. Plant Physiol 123:1313–1323

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Huang D, Wang S, Zhang B, Shang-Guan K, Shi Y, Zhang D, Liu X, Wu K, Xu Z, Fu X, Zhou Y (2015) A gibberellin-mediated DELLA-NAC signaling cascade regulates cellulose synthesis in rice. Plant Cell 27:1681–1696

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kagaya Y, Ohmiya K, Hattori T (1999) RAV1, a novel DNA-binding protein, binds to bipartite recognition sequence through two distinct DNA-binding domains uniquely found in higher plants. Nucleic Acids Res 27:470–478

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kim WC, Kim JY, Ko JH, Kim J, Han KH (2013) Transcription factor MYB46 is an obligate component of the transcriptional regulatory complex for functional expression of secondary wall-associated cellulose synthases in Arabidopsis thaliana. J Plant Physiol 170:1374–1378

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar M, Thammannagowda S, Buline V, Chiang V, Han KH, Joshi CP, Mansfield SD, Mellerowicz E, Sundberg B, Teeri T, Ellis BE (2009) An update on the nomenclature for the cellulose synthase genes in Populus. Trends Plant Sci 14:248–254

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Livak KJ, Schmittgen TD (2001) Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the \({2^{-\Delta \Delta {\text{C}_\text{T}}}}\) method. Methods 25:402–408

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mokshina N, Gorshkova T, Deyholos MK (2014) Chitinase-like (CTL) and cellulose synthase (CESA) gene expression in gelatinous-type cellulosic walls of flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) bast fibers. PLoS One 9:e97949

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Muday GK, Rahman A, Binder BM (2012) Auxin and ethylene: collaborators or competitors? Trends Plant Sci 17:181–195

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ohme-Takagi M, Suzuki K, Shinshi H (2000) Regulation of ethylene-induced transcription of defense genes. Plant Cell Physiol 41:1187–1192

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Paek SH, Oh SE (2012) Cloning and characterization of cellulose synthase genes involved in primary cell wall synthesis in flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) In: Book of Abstracts for 10th International Congress on Plant Molecular Biology, Jeju, Korea, pp. 268

  • Peng J, Li Z, Wen X, Li W, Shi H, Yang L, Zhu H, Guo H (2014) Salt-induced stabilization of EIN3/EIL1 confers salinity tolerance by deterring ROS accumulation in Arabidopsis. PLoS Genet 10:e1004664

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Petti C, Hirano K, Stork J, DeBolt S (2015) Mapping of cellulose-deficient mutant named dwarf1-1 in Sorghum bicolor to the green revolution gene gibberellin20-oxidase reveals a positive regulatory association between gibberellin and cellulose biosynthesis. Plant Physiol 169:705–716

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Raz V, Ecker JR (1999) Regulation of differential growth in the apical hook of Arabidopsis. Development 126:3661–3668

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Richmond TA, Somerville CR (2001) Integrative approaches to determining Csl function. Plant Mol Biol 47:131–143

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sanger F, Nicklen S, Coulson R (1977) DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 74:5463–5467

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stanke M, Morgenstern B (2005) AUGUSTUS: a web server for gene prediction in eukaryotes that allows user-defined constraints. Nucleic Acids Res 33:W465–W467

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Tanaka K, Murata K, Yamazaki M, Onosato K, Miyao A, Hirochika H (2003) Three distinct rice cellulose synthase catalytic subunit genes required for cellulose synthesis in the secondary wall. Plant Physiol 133:73–83

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor NG, Howells RM, Huttly AK, Vickers K, Turner SR (2003) Interactions among three distinct CesA proteins essential for cellulose synthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100:1450–1455

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tournier B, Sanchez-Ballesta MT, Jones B, Pesquet E, Regad F, Latché A, Pech JC, Bouzayen M (2003) New members of the tomato ERF family show specific epression pattern and diverse DNA-binding capacity to the GCC box element. FEBS Lett 550:149–154

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vandenbussche F, Petrášek J, Žádníková P, Hoyerová K, Pešek B, Raz V, Swarup R, Bennett M, Zažímalová E, Benková E, Van Der Straeten D (2010) The auxin influx carriers AUX1 and LAX3 are involved in auxin-ethylene interactions during apical hook development in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. Development 137:597–606

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wróbel M, Zebrowski J, Szopa J (2004) Polyhydroxybutyrate synthesis in transgenic flax. J Biotechnol 107:41–54

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wróbel-Kwiatkowska M, Turnau K, Góralska K, Anielska T, Szopa J (2012) Effects of genetic modifications to flax (Linum usitatissimum) on arbuscular mycorrhiza and plant performance. Mycorrhiza 22:493–499

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Xie L, Yang C, Wang X (2011) Brassinosteroids can regulate cellulose biosynthesis by controlling the expression of CESA genes in Arabidopsis. J Exp Bot 62:4495–4506

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We thank Professor Dr. Grzegorz Spychalski from the Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants for providing the seeds of flax.

Author information

Author notes

  1. Seung-Ho Paek

    Present address: Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea

    Hansol Lim, Seung-Ho Paek & Seung-Eun Oh

Authors
  1. Hansol Lim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Seung-Ho Paek
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Seung-Eun Oh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Seung-Eun Oh.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Lim, H., Paek, SH. & Oh, SE. Effect of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC)-induced ethylene on cellulose synthase A (CesA) genes in flax (Linum usitatissimum L. ‘Nike’) seedlings. Genes Genom 40, 1237–1248 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13258-018-0720-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13258-018-0720-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation