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Glossokinetic potential based tongue–machine interface for 1-D extraction

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Abstract

The tongue is an aesthetically useful organ located in the oral cavity. It can move in complex ways with very little fatigue. Many studies on assistive technologies operated by tongue are called tongue–human computer interface or tongue–machine interface (TMI) for paralyzed individuals. However, many of them are obtrusive systems consisting of hardware such as sensors and magnetic tracer placed in the mouth and on the tongue. Hence these approaches could be annoying, aesthetically unappealing and unhygienic. In this study, we aimed to develop a natural and reliable tongue–machine interface using solely glossokinetic potentials via investigation of the success of machine learning algorithms for 1-D tongue-based control or communication on assistive technologies. Glossokinetic potential responses are generated by touching the buccal walls with the tip of the tongue. In this study, eight male and two female naive healthy subjects, aged 22–34 years, participated. Linear discriminant analysis, support vector machine, and the k-nearest neighbor were used as machine learning algorithms. Then the greatest success rate was achieved an accuracy of 99% for the best participant in support vector machine. This study may serve disabled people to control assistive devices in natural, unobtrusive, speedy and reliable manner. Moreover, it is expected that GKP-based TMI could be alternative control and communication channel for traditional electroencephalography (EEG)-based brain–computer interfaces which have significant inadequacies arisen from the EEG signals.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the students of the University of Bozok for providing the participation for this research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Sakarya University, 54187, Sakarya, Turkey

    Kutlucan Gorur & M. Recep Bozkurt

  2. Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Bozok University, 66200, Yozgat, Turkey

    Kutlucan Gorur & M. Serdar Bascil

  3. Department of Electrical and Communication Engineering, Bandirma Onyedi Eylul University, 10200, Balikesir, Turkey

    Feyzullah Temurtas

Authors
  1. Kutlucan Gorur
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  2. M. Recep Bozkurt
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  3. M. Serdar Bascil
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  4. Feyzullah Temurtas
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Correspondence to M. Serdar Bascil.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

The study was approved by the Ethical Committee of Sakarya University, stated in the number of 61923333/044 decision document. All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee.

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Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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Gorur, K., Bozkurt, M.R., Bascil, M.S. et al. Glossokinetic potential based tongue–machine interface for 1-D extraction. Australas Phys Eng Sci Med 41, 379–391 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13246-018-0635-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13246-018-0635-x

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