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Cytogenetics and genetic introgression from wild relatives in soybean

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Abstract

Cultivated soybean, wild soybean, and 23 perennial Glycine species contain 2n = 40 chromosomes. Accessions of G. hirticaulis and G. tabacina have diploid (2n = 40) and tetraploid (2n = 80) chromosome numbers. In contrast, G. tomentella includes accessions with four cytotypes (2n = 38, 40, 78, or 80). Meiosis of G. max and G. soja F1 is normal and gene exchange is easy. Occasionally, accessions of the two species differ by chromosome structural changes (reciprocal translocation/paracentric inversion). The segregating populations inherit undesirable traits such as vining, lodging susceptibility, lack of complete leaf abscission, seed shattering, and small black coated seeds because of genetic drag. The introgression of useful genes from 26 wild perennial Glycine species to soybean has been restricted because of crossability barriers and requires extensive hybridization, immature seed rescue, and cytogenetic manipulations. This review paper discusses cytogenetics, gene pools of the soybean and the production of fertile G. max plants using 78-chromosome G. tomentella (PI 441001) as a paternal and maternal parent in crosses with G. max cv. ‘Dwight’ (2n = 40). Thus, reporting breaking of the intersubgeneric crossability barriers for the first time.

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Fig. 1
Fig. 2

(From Singh et al. [51]; with permission)

Fig. 3

(From Singh et al. [51]; with permission)

Fig. 4

(From Singh et al. [51]; with permission)

Fig. 5

(From Singh and Hymowitz [50]; with permission)

Fig. 6

(From Singh and Hymowitz [50]; with permission)

Fig. 7
Fig. 8

(From Singh and Nelson [53]; with permission) (color figure online)

Fig. 9

(From Singh and Nelson [53]; with permission) (color figure online)

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Acknowledgements

The author thanks Dr. David Walker and Dr. G. Govindjee for careful reading of the manuscript, Dr. Anurudh K Singh and an anonymous reviewer for editing the manuscript thoroughly.

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  1. USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Soybean/Maize Germplasm, Pathology, and Genetics Research Unit, and Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, 1101 West Peabody Drive, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA

    Ram J. Singh

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Singh, R.J. Cytogenetics and genetic introgression from wild relatives in soybean. Nucleus 62, 3–14 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13237-019-00263-6

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