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A novel approach of fluorescent porous graphite carbon nitride based silica gel powder for latent fingerprint detection

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Abstract

Porous graphitic carbon nitride (pg-C3N4) was synthesized from bulk g-C3N4 (Bg-C3N4). First, bulk g-C3N4 was prepared by a thermal method with poly-condensation of melamine as a precursor. The pg-C3N4 was synthesized from Bg-C3N4 under ultrasonic treatment in a sulphuric acid medium. Thereafter, pg-C3N4 was combined with commercial silica gel (Slg) to give a fluorescent Slg/pg-C3N4 powder. These prepared materials were characterized by means of distinctive instrumental techniques consisting of UV–visible spectroscopy (UV–visible), fluorescence spectroscopy (FL), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and live cell microscopy. The fluorescent Slg/pg-C3N4 powder was used as a labeling agent for the development of latent fingerprints (LFP) on different surfaces such as glass slides, aluminum foil, aluminum sheets, aluminum rods, a compact disc (CD), iron discs, coins, a tea cup and spoon. The LFP images were additionally captured through the use of ultraviolet radiation at 365 nm due to the fluorescent nature of the Slg/pg-C3N4 powder. The LFP images have been also investigated using different commercial powders such as ZnSO4, TiO2 and Iodine vapor for comparison with fluorescent Slg/pg-C3N4 powder. The Slg/pg-C3N4 powder was used to investigate the LFP images submerged in fresh water. Ultimately, the different fluorescent backgrounds of LFP images had been demonstrated using live cell microscopy with pg-C3N4 and Bg-C3N4. The fluorescent Slg/pg-C3N4 powder exhibited potential as a good labeling agent with excessive sensitivity, rapid detection and an eco-friendly nature. This fluorescent Slg/pg-C3N4 powder was also used to develop the LFP images under conditions that are likely to simulate real crime scenes to establish whether this material can be used in real forensic investigations.

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Acknowledgements

This research was financially supported by PDRFs, University of Johannesburg and Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, South Africa. This research is also supported through Center for Nanoforensic and Water Research, University of Johannesburg, South Africa.

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  1. Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa

    E. Prabakaran & K. Pillay

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  1. E. Prabakaran
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  2. K. Pillay
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Correspondence to K. Pillay.

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Prabakaran, E., Pillay, K. A novel approach of fluorescent porous graphite carbon nitride based silica gel powder for latent fingerprint detection. Appl Nanosci 9, 255–277 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-018-0904-8

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