Abstract
Green synthesis of zerovalent copper nanoparticle (Cu-GT NPs) has been introduced and compared with the physico-chemical properties of chemically produced zerovalent copper (ZVC) nanoparticle. Herein, we demonstrate the catalytic ability of both Cu-GT-NPs and sodium borohydride synthesized ZVC (Cu-SB) towards the degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP). Green tea extract was also used to reduce and stabilize the as-synthesized copper nanoparticles. The surface and particle size of Cu-GT-NPs and Cu-SB were characterized and compared by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) which were found to be 10 ± 5 and 200 ± 20 nm, respectively. Cu-GT NPs and Cu-SB particles were further analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to confirm the possible crystallization and chemical environment. The degradation efficiency was optimized for the most suitable pollutant concentration. Highest degradation efficiency was recorded during 5 days reaction (incubation time) with kinetic rate constant of 0.697 min− 1 g− 1, when pollutant concentration was under 7.5 ppm, with catalyst dose of 2 g L− 1, pH = 6.2 and the 25 °C reaction temperature. The activation energy of 29.65 kJ mol− 1 was calculated for feasible 2,4-DCP degradation by Cu-SB particles in this study. These research findings help to understand the differences in characteristics and the degradation ability of copper nanoparticles synthesized by different methods and also paves the way to synthesize low-cost and environmentally friendly metal nanomaterials.
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Acknowledgements
The authors express their gratitude to the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), Taiwan, for financial support under grant no. MOST 104-2815-C-002-133-E. Authors are grateful to NSRRC for providing the facility to use BL-17C1 beam lines to measure XANES, BL-13A1 beam lines to measure XRD, and BL-09A1 beam lines to measure XPS. Authors also thank Ms. C.-Y. Chien of Ministry of Science and Technology (National Taiwan University) for the assistance in TEM experiments.
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Chang, PH., Chou, TH., Sahu, R.S. et al. Chemical reduction-aided zerovalent copper nanoparticles for 2,4-dichlorophenol removal. Appl Nanosci 9, 387–395 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-018-00945-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-018-00945-8