Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Cancer Awareness and Barriers to Seeking Medical Help Among Syrian Refugees in Jordan: a Baseline Study

  • Published:
Journal of Cancer Education Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Refugees in Jordan have an increased burden of cancer due to hard conditions and low income. An increase in awareness of the early signs of cancer could prompt early diagnosis. The current study aims to explore the level of cancer knowledge and barriers to seeking care among Syrian refugees in Jordan. A descriptive cross-sectional survey design was used. Two hundred and forty-one Syrian refugees living in the north of Jordan completed the Cancer Awareness Measure. The mean age was 27.9 (SD 9.1) years, ranging from 18 to 47 years. More than half (56%) of the participants were female. Participants were able to recognize a low number of symptoms (mean 4.4, SD 2.3) and risk factors (4.7 (out of 11), SD 1.9). The most commonly reported barrier was having no medical insurance (83.4%). Refugees’ knowledge of symptoms and risk factors was generally unsatisfactory. Barriers to seeking medical care were prevalent. Much work is needed to overcome barriers and enhance knowledge that can hinder early diagnosis and treatment.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Ahmad MM (2015) Knowledge and beliefs about cancer prevention and care in Jordan. IOSRD Int J Med 1(1):1–5

    Google Scholar 

  2. Al-Zalabani AH, Alharbi KD, Fallatah NI, Alqabshawi RI, Al-Zalabani AA, Alghamdi SM 2016 Breast cancer knowledge and screening practice and barriers among women in Madinah, Saudi Arabia. J Cancer Educ 1–7

  3. Amin MA (2008) Knowledge, beliefs, attitudes and perceptions about breast and cervical cancer and screening among Arabic speaking immigrant women in Halifax. Doctoral dissertation, Mount Saint Vincent University, Nova Scotia

    Google Scholar 

  4. Archangelidi O, Theodoromanolakis P, Mantas J (2015) The provision of health services in Jordan to Syrian refugees. Arch Med 9(2):2

    Google Scholar 

  5. Campbell MK, Carr C, Devellis B, Switzer B, Biddle A, Walsh J, Zhou B, Sandler R (2009) A randomized trial of tailoring and motivational interviewing to promote fruit and vegetable consumption for cancer prevention and control. Ann Behav Med 38(2):71–85

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Colditz, Graham A, Karen M Emmons (2016) The role of universal health coverage in reducing cancer deaths and disparities. The Lancet 388(10045):638–640

  7. Cousins S (2015) Syrian crisis: health experts say more can be done. Lancet 385(9972):931–934

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Danaei G, Hoorn SV, Lopez AD, Murray CJL, Ezzati M, Comparative Risk Assessment collaborating group (2005) Causes of cancer in the world: comparative risk assessment of nine behavioural and environmental risk factors. Lancet 366(9499):1784–1793

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Doocy S, Lyles E, Akhu-Zaheya L, Burton A, Burnham G (2016) Health service access and utilization among Syrian refugees in Jordan. Int J Equity Health 15(1):108

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Formosa J, Jenner R, Nguyen-Thi M-D, Stephens C, Wilson C, Ariyawardana A (2015) Awareness and knowledge of oral cancer and potentially malignant oral disorders among dental patients in far North Queensland, Australia. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 16:4429–4434

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Gelband H, Sankaranarayanan R, Gauvreau CL, Horton S, Anderson BO, Bray F, Cleary J, Dare AJ, Denny L, Gospodarowicz MK (2016) Costs, affordability, and feasibility of an essential package of cancer control interventions in low-income and middle-income countries: key messages from disease control priorities. Lancet 387(10033):2133–2144

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Heus K, Sartawi T (2014) The realization of the right to health for refugees in Jordan. In: Toebes B, Ferguson R, Markovic M, Nnamuchi O (eds) The right to health. TMC Asser Press, The Hague, pp 193–229

  13. King Hussein Cancer Foundation (2017) Regional statistics. http://www.khcc.jo/section/regional-statistics. Accessed Jul 2017

  14. Macleod U, Mitchell ED, Burgess C, Macdonald S, Ramirez AJ (2009) Risk factors for delayed presentation and referral of symptomatic cancer: evidence for common cancers. Br J Cancer 101:S92–S101

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Marwa KI 2016 Psychosocial sequels of Syrian conflict. J Psychiatry

  16. Organization, World Health. 2014. Noncommunicable diseases country profiles http://www.who.int/nmh/countries/2011/en/#S. Accessed Jul 2017

  17. Radi SM (2013) Breast cancer awareness among Saudi females in Jeddah. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 14(7):4307–4312

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Robb K, Stubbings S, Ramirez A, Macleod U, Austoker J, Waller J, Hiom S, Wardle J (2009) Public awareness of cancer in Britain: a population-based survey of adults. Br J Cancer 101:S18–S23

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Salim EI, Moore MA, Al-Lawati JA, Al-Sayyad J, Bazawir A, Bener A, Corbex M, El-Saghir N, Habib OS, Maziak W (2009) Cancer epidemiology and control in the Arab world-past, present and future. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 10(1):3–16

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Schapira L (2016) Caring for refugees with cancer: a case for training of US oncology professionals. In: Silbermann M (eds) Cancer care in countries and societies in transition. Springer, Cham, pp 399–407

  21. Shah SM, Ayash C, Pharaon NA, Gany FM (2008) Arab American immigrants in New York: health care and cancer knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs. J Immigr Minor Health 10(5):429–436

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Shin A, Sandin S, Lof M, Margolis KL, Kim K, Couto E, Adami HO, Weiderpass E (2015) Alcohol consumption, body mass index and breast cancer risk by hormone receptor status: Women’ Lifestyle and Health Study. BMC Cancer 15(1):1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Silbermann M, Daher M, Kebudi R, Nimri O, Al-Jadiry M, Baider L (2016) Middle eastern conflicts: implications for refugee health in the European Union and middle eastern host countries. J Glob Oncol 2(6):422–430

  24. Smith LK, Pope C, Botha JL (2005) Patients’ help-seeking experiences and delay in cancer presentation: a qualitative synthesis. Lancet 366(9488):825–831

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Spiegel P, Khalifa A, Mateen FJ (2014) Cancer in refugees in Jordan and Syria between 2009 and 2012: challenges and the way forward in humanitarian emergencies. Lancet Oncol 15(7):e290–e297

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Stephens FO, Aigner KR (2016) Basics of oncology. Springer, Cham

  27. Stubbings S, Robb K, Waller J, Ramirez A, Austoker J, Macleod U, Hiom S, Wardle J (2009) Development of a measurement tool to assess public awareness of cancer. Br J Cancer 101:S13–S17

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (2016) Access to Health Services in Jordan among Syrian Refugees. http://reliefweb.int/report/jordan/health-access-and-utilization-survey-access-health-services-jordan-among-syrian. Accessed Jul 2017

  29. Waller J, Robb K, Stubbings S, Ramirez A, Macleod U, Austoker J, Hiom S, Wardle J (2009) Awareness of cancer symptoms and anticipated help seeking among ethnic minority groups in England. Br J Cancer 101:S24–S30

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Yarbro CH, Wujcik D, Gobel BH (2010) Cancer nursing: principles and practice. Jones & Bartlett Publishers, Burlington

Download references

Acknowledgments

This research project would not have been possible without the support of Al al-Bayt University, represented in the Deanship of Academic Research (Fund Decision Number: 502/2015). The authors wish to express their gratitude for this support and encouragement.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mohammad Al Qadire.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Al Qadire, M., Aljezawi, M. & Al-Shdayfat, N. Cancer Awareness and Barriers to Seeking Medical Help Among Syrian Refugees in Jordan: a Baseline Study. J Canc Educ 34, 19–25 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13187-017-1260-1

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13187-017-1260-1

Keywords

Navigation