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Evolutionary biogeography of the freshwater fish family Anablepidae (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes), a marine-derived Neotropical lineage

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Abstract

Cladistic biogeography is an evolutionary biogeographic approach that infers area relationships by comparing area cladograms derived from different phylogenetic hypotheses. The South American freshwater ichthyofauna is enriched by an extraordinary number of marine-derived lineages, presenting its own phylogenetic and biogeographic patterns. Here, we performed a Brooks Parsimony Analysis (BPA) with the latest phylogenetic proposals for Anablepidae to compare hypotheses about the historical relationships among areas previously recognized based on fish species from the Neotropical region. We found that the area relationships for Anablepidae are in accordance with the pattern evidenced for other marine-derived lineages. The general area cladogram obtained shows a three-area relationship pattern, where freshwater is the sister group of Pacific + Atlantic marine areas. Within the freshwater clade, Southern Brazil + Uruguay River basin and Northwestern Argentina + Midwestern Argentina form two clades. Vicariance, dispersal, and extinction events related to Miocene and Quaternary marine transgressions and ancient connections between the Iguaçu and Upper Uruguay River basins supported the historical relationships among areas proposed here. Our results may be applied to patterns shown by other marine-derived lineages, as well as other freshwater organisms not necessarily having marine origins.

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Data availability statement

Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study.

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Acknowledgments

We are deeply grateful to PEA (Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais) and Fundação Araucária (SETI/PR) for financial support given to A.F. for his research stay in Mexico. We thank CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico) for productivity scholarship conceived to W.J.G. (305200/2018-6) and postgraduation scholarship to A.F (141242/2018-3).

Funding

Fundação Araucária (SETI/PR) and CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico), grants/award numbers: 141242/2018-3 and 305200/2018-6.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Biologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), Av. Colombo, 5790, Maringá, Paraná, 87020-900, Brazil

    Augusto Frota & Weferson J. da Graça

  2. Museo de Zoología, Departamento de Biología Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico

    Juan J. Morrone

  3. Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Biologia and Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura, Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), Maringá, Brazil

    Weferson J. da Graça

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Contributions

A.F. conceived and designed the investigation; A.F. and J.J.M. performed the biogeographic analysis; J.J.M. and W.J.G. contributed to the data interpretation and critical revision for adding substantive intellectual content. All authors interpreted the data and wrote the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Augusto Frota.

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Frota, A., Morrone, J.J. & da Graça, W.J. Evolutionary biogeography of the freshwater fish family Anablepidae (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes), a marine-derived Neotropical lineage. Org Divers Evol 20, 439–449 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-020-00444-1

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