Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (NPs) have been demonstrated as a promising antibacterial candidate to fight against resistant pathogens. In this study, different shapes of silver nanostructures (i.e., sphere, rod, and cube) were synthesized by green methods. Morphology, size, and crystalline structure of the produced structures were characterized by UV–visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). For evaluation of antibacterial activity of silver nanostructures with various shapes, measurement of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) was carried out against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) and Gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli) bacteria. The results showed that the concentration of silver nanostructures that prevents bacteria growth is different for each shape, the cubic and rod shape (with sharp edge and vertex) in lower concentrations being more effective than spherical nanoparticles. MTT assay to assess the toxicity of silver nanoparticles showed a concentration and shape-dependent decrease in cell viability in cancer human cells (MCF-7), signifying shape- and dose-dependent toxicity. In addition, the interaction of different nanostructures with serum albumin was evaluated. According to these results, AgNPs with sharper geometry resulted in protein degradation and higher toxicity as compared with smooth or spherical geometries. The results showed that the geometry of silver nanostructures can have quite a significant role in the definition of biological and antibacterial efficacy of NPs, which has significant implications in the design of NPs for various antibacterial applications and will require more consideration in the future.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Rai, M., et al. (2012). Silver nanoparticles: the powerful nanoweapon against multidrug-resistant bacteria. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 112(5), 841–852.
Chen, X., & Schluesener, H. (2008). Nanosilver: a nanoproduct in medical application. Toxicology Letters, 176(1), 1–12.
Cho, K.-H., et al. (2005). The study of antimicrobial activity and preservative effects of nanosilver ingredient. Electrochimica Acta, 51(5), 956–960.
Sharma, V. K., Yngard, R. A., & Lin, Y. (2009). Silver nanoparticles: green synthesis and their antimicrobial activities. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 145(1), 83–96.
Haizhen Huang, X. Y. (2004). Synthesis of polysaccharide-stabilized gold and silver nanoparticles: a green method. Carbohydrate Research, 339(15), 2627–2631.
Mohammadian, A., Shojaosadati, S., & Habibi Rezaee, M. (2007). Fusarium oxysporum mediates photogeneration of silver nanoparticles. Scientia Iranica, 14(4), 323–326.
Khosravi, A., & Shojaosadati, S. (2009). Evaluation of silver nanoparticles produced by fungus Fusarium oxysporum. International Journal of Nanotechnology, 6(10–11), 973–983.
Ghaseminezhad, S. M., Hamedi, S., & Shojaosadati, S. A. (2012). Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles by a novel method: comparative study of their properties. Carbohydrate Polymers, 89(2), 467–472.
Hamedi, S., et al. (2014). Extracellular biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using a novel and non-pathogenic fungus, Neurospora intermedia: controlled synthesis and antibacterial activity. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 30(2), 693–704.
Wei, D., & Qian, W. (2008). Facile synthesis of Ag and Au nanoparticles utilizing chitosan as a mediator agent. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 62(1), 136–142.
Ashkarran, A. A., et al. (2012). Bacterial effects and protein corona evaluations: crucial ignored factors in the prediction of bio-efficacy of various forms of silver nanoparticles. Chemical Research in Toxicology, 25(6), 1231–1242.
Rycenga, M., et al. (2011). Controlling the synthesis and assembly of silver nanostructures for plasmonic applications. Chemical Reviews, 111(6), 3669–3712.
Sun, Y., & Xia, Y. (1991). Large-scale synthesis of uniform silver nanowires through a soft, self-seeding, polyol process. Nature, 353(1991), 737.
Venkatesham, M., et al. (2014). A novel green one-step synthesis of silver nanoparticles using chitosan: catalytic activity and antimicrobial studies. Applied Nanoscience, 4(1), 113–119.
Mohan, S., et al. (2014). Completely green synthesis of dextrose reduced silver nanoparticles, its antimicrobial and sensing properties. Carbohydrate Polymers, 106, 469–474.
Birla, S.S., et al., Rapid synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Fusarium oxysporum by optimizing physicocultural conditions. The Scientific World Journal, 2013. 2013.
Krutyakov, Y. A., Kudrinskiy, A. A., Olenin, A. Y., & Lisichkin, G. V. (2008). Synthesis and properties of AgNPs: advances and prospects. Russian Chemical Reviews, 77, 233–257.
Skrabalak, S. E., et al. (2007). Facile synthesis of Ag nanocubes and Au nanocages. Nature Protocols, 2(9), 2182–2190.
Wiley, B. J., et al. (2006). Maneuvering the surface plasmon resonance of silver nanostructures through shape-controlled synthesis. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 110(32), 15666–15675.
Liao, H.-G., et al. (2014). Facet development during platinum nanocube growth. Science, 345(6199), 916–919.
Ojha, A. K., et al. (2013). Synthesis of well–dispersed silver nanorods of different aspect ratios and their antimicrobial properties against gram positive and negative bacterial strains. Journal of Nanobiotechnology, 11(1), 1.
Pal, S., Tak, Y. K., & Song, J. M. (2007). Does the antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles depend on the shape of the nanoparticle? A study of the gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 73(6), 1712–1720.
Acknowledgements
The authors wish to acknowledge Iranian nanotechnology initiative council for their financial support towards major research project.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Soleimani, F.F., Saleh, T., Shojaosadati, S.A. et al. Green Synthesis of Different Shapes of Silver Nanostructures and Evaluation of Their Antibacterial and Cytotoxic Activity. BioNanoSci. 8, 72–80 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12668-017-0423-1
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12668-017-0423-1