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Linking Phosphorus Extraction from Different Types of Biomass Incineration Ash to Ash Mineralogy, Ash Composition and Chemical Characteristics of Various Types of Extraction Liquids

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Abstract

Phosphorus (P) rich ash from biomass incineration is a potential promising alternative for non-renewable phosphate rock. This study considered the P recovery potential of poultry manure ash, sewage sludge ash and meat and bone meal ash through wet chemical extraction. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that these three ash types had a distinct P mineralogy. If inorganic acids were used for the extraction, the P extraction efficiency was not or only slightly affected by the P mineralogy. Contrarily, for the organic acids, alkaline extraction liquid and chelating agents considered, the P extraction efficiency was highly affected by the P mineralogy, and was also affected by the elemental composition of the ash and/or the chemical characteristics of the extraction liquids. Alkaline extraction liquids showed in general low heavy metal co-extraction, in contrast to the inorganic acids. From an economic point of view, of all extraction liquids considered, sulfuric acid was the most interesting to extract P from all three ash types. Oxalic acid could be a more sustainable option for P extraction from sewage sludge ash. In addition, extraction of poultry manure ash with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid showed a relatively high P extraction efficiency combined with relatively low heavy metal co-extraction.

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Notes

  1. Visual MINTEQ databases do not contain data on the chlorapatite (Ca5(PO4)3Cl) and fluorapatite (Ca5(PO4)3F) solubility. However, in the literature, it was found that for the ash types studied, apatite mainly occurs in the form of hydroxyapatite and only to a lesser extent in the form of chlorapatite and fluorapatite [19, 20, 26, 34]. Therefore, the conclusions in this paragraph are only based on the hydroxyapatite solubility.

Abbreviations

MBM:

Meat and bone meal

MBMA:

Meat and bone meal ash

PM:

Poultry manure

PMA:

Poultry manure ash

SS:

Sewage sludge

SSA:

Sewage sludge ash

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Acknowledgements

This study was financially supported by BMC Moerdijk BV (Industrial Park M349, Middenweg 36a, 4782 PM Moerdijk, The Netherlands) and Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek Vlaanderen (FWO) (Lorien Luyckx is a SB PhD fellow at FWO, Project Number 1S08418N – 1S08420N). Furthermore, we want to thank BMC Moerdijk, Aquafin and Indaver for supplying the PMA, SSA and MBM samples. In addition, we want to thank Antoinette Deschuytere for carefully revising the manuscript.

Funding

This study was financially supported by BMC Moerdijk BV (Industrial Park M349, Middenweg 36a, 4782 PM Moerdijk, The Netherlands) and Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek Vlaanderen (FWO) (Project Number 1S08418N – 1S08420N).

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  1. KU Leuven, Department of Materials Engineering, Sustainable Materials Processing and Recycling (SeMPeR), Campus Group T, Andreas Vesaliusstraat 13 – box 2600, 3000, Leuven, Belgium

    Lorien Luyckx & Jo Van Caneghem

  2. BMC Moerdijk BV, Industrial Park M349, Middenweg 36a, 4782 PM, Moerdijk, The Netherlands

    Diva Sofia Sousa Correia

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  1. Lorien Luyckx
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Luyckx, L., Sousa Correia, D.S. & Van Caneghem, J. Linking Phosphorus Extraction from Different Types of Biomass Incineration Ash to Ash Mineralogy, Ash Composition and Chemical Characteristics of Various Types of Extraction Liquids. Waste Biomass Valor 12, 5235–5248 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-021-01368-3

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