Reuse of Waste Pickling Acid for the Production of Hydrochloric Acid Solution, Iron(II) Chloride and Magnetic Iron Oxide: An Eco-Friendly Process

Waste and Biomass Valorization volume 12, pages1517–1528(2021)Cite this article

Abstract

In this work, a novel strategy based on evaporation and crystallization unit operations, capable of producing hydrochloric acid solution, iron(II) chloride and magnetic iron oxide from waste pickling acid (WPA), is proposed to be an eco-friendly alternative to the methods available in the literature. The suggested approach took into account both the partial recovery of the unused HCl by evaporation/condensation and iron(II) chloride by crystallization at room temperature. It was possible to obtain chemicals with yields above 80 wt% and purity above 97 wt%. Magnetic iron oxide presented magnetic saturation of 70.1 emu/g, magnetic retentivity of 4.3 emu/g and magnetic coercivity of 44.5 Oe, as well as an undetectable level of contamination by metals other than iron and agglomeration of its nanoparticles. The HCl solution presented less than 35 mg/L of iron and zinc. The evapo-crystallization method showed potential to be a mild form of treating WPA and generating three chemicals in the same process.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Mr. Almir Trindade and Mr. Rodrigo Pimenta Giacomini from Antares Company (Brazil) for the fellowship and financial support. In addition, we thank Professor Ronie Galeano from DIREC-AP (UTFPR) for the administrative support.

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Affiliations

  1. Núcleo de Inovação Industrial (NII), Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), Apucarana, Paraná, CEP: 86812-460, Brazil

    Thuany Nascimento Domingues Cunha, Daniel Graize Trindade, Matheus Martins Canesin, Luciane Effting, Murilo Pereira Moisés & Alesandro Bail

  2. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Ambiental (PPGEA), Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), Apucarana, PR, Brazil

    Alexandre Amado de Moura

  3. Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), Medianeira, PR, Brazil

    Ismael Laurindo Costa Junior

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  1. Thuany Nascimento Domingues Cunha
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Cunha, T.N.D., Trindade, D.G., Canesin, M.M. et al. Reuse of Waste Pickling Acid for the Production of Hydrochloric Acid Solution, Iron(II) Chloride and Magnetic Iron Oxide: An Eco-Friendly Process. Waste Biomass Valor 12, 1517–1528 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-020-01079-1

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Keywords

  • Industrial waste
  • Waste valorization
  • Recycling
  • Waste pickling acid
  • Iron oxides