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Production of Fuel Quality Ethyl Ester Biodiesel: 1. Laboratory-Scale Optimization of Waste Frying Oil Ethanolysis, 2. Pilot-Scale Production with the Optimal Reaction Conditions

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Abstract

In this study, to produce fuel quality biodiesel, optimization of homogeneous alkaline-catalyzed ethanolysis reaction of waste frying oil was performed. In the first stage of the study, laboratory-scale experiments were carried out to determine the appropriate alkaline catalyst type. Ethanolysis reactions were initially conducted with hydroxide catalysts (KOH and NaOH), but glycerol phase separation could not be obtained. Therefore, alkoxide catalysts (CH3OK and CH3ONa) were used and glycerol phase separation could be obtained with the reaction conditions of ethanol:feedstock molar ratio of 6:1, 1.40 wt% CH3ONa, 75 °C and 4 h. The product yield, viscosity and density were 91.24%, 4.89 mm2s−1, and 880.8 kgm−3, respectively. In the second stage, to increase the yield, optimization experiments were performed and the yield was increased to 99.08% while viscosity and density were almost the same with the reaction conditions of ethanol:feedstock molar ratio of 8:1, 1.40 wt% CH3ONa, 45 °C and 2 h. In the third and the last stage, pilot-scale ethyl ester production was carried out with the optimal reaction conditions. In the pilot-scale ethanolysis, yield decreased to 91.0% because of saponification and emulsification, but the produced ethyl ester biodiesel fuel met the European Biodiesel Fuel Standard (EN 14214:2013).

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by the grants from the Scientific Research Foundation of Kocaeli University and Izmit Municipality (Project Nos: 2008/APP 002 and 2011/37).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ford Otosan Ihsaniye Automotive Vocational School, Kocaeli University, 41680, Golcuk, Turkey

    Huseyin Sanli

  2. Department of Automotive Engineering, Kocaeli University, 41380, Izmit, Turkey

    Ertan Alptekin & Mustafa Canakci

  3. Alternative Fuels R&D Center, Kocaeli University, 41275, Izmit, Turkey

    Huseyin Sanli, Ertan Alptekin & Mustafa Canakci

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  1. Huseyin Sanli
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Correspondence to Huseyin Sanli.

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Sanli, H., Alptekin, E. & Canakci, M. Production of Fuel Quality Ethyl Ester Biodiesel: 1. Laboratory-Scale Optimization of Waste Frying Oil Ethanolysis, 2. Pilot-Scale Production with the Optimal Reaction Conditions. Waste Biomass Valor 10, 1889–1898 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-018-0195-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-018-0195-z

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