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Nitric Oxide-Mediated Toxicity in Paraquat-Exposed SH-SY5Y Cells: A Protective Role of 7-Nitroindazole

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Abstract

The precise mechanism underlying the role of nitric oxide (NO) or nitric oxide synthases (NOSs) in paraquat-mediated toxicity is yet to be fully elucidated. The importance of the NADPH-diaphorase activity of NOSs in paraquat toxicity, in addition to the production of NO, has previously been reported as a mechanism of toxicity. However, other studies have highlighted the toxicity of NO alone and, conversely a protective role of NO in paraquat-mediated toxicity has also been described. The goal of this study was to clarify the involvement of NO and NOS in paraquat-mediated toxicity in an SH-SY5Y cell system, and to evaluate the putative role of 7-nitroindazole as a protective agent in human neural cells. Our results indicate that the three previously described isoforms of NOS are expressed in SH-SY5Y cells, with the data showing that these synthases act as paraquat diaphorases. While this process could occur at the expense of NO production, NO alone does play a toxic role, with its production leading to the formation of the toxicant peroxynitrite. Although the efficacies of the different inhibitors tested cannot be directly compared because the various NOS forms were probably inhibited to differing extents, the results support the idea that endogenous and inducible NO is a neurotoxic mediator of the effects of paraquat. The NADPH-diaphorase activity of NOS and NO production are therefore factors implicated in the toxicity mediated by the herbicide paraquat.

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Acknowledgments

Supported by grants PR06B124 and GRU08019 from the Junta de Extremadura, Spain, and PI070400 (Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria, Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo, Spain). J.M.M. was supported by a postdoctoral fellowship from CIBERNED, M.A.O. and J.M.B.S.P were supported by Junta of Extremadura predoctoral fellowships, R.A.G.P. was supported by a Juan de la Cierva (Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación) re-incorporation fellowship and M.N.S. was supported by a predoctoral fellowship from CIBERNED. The authors would like to thank P. Delgado for technical assistance, FUNDESALUD, Dr. Francisco Javier Morcillo (Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad de Extremadura, Spain) for his assistance with the NADPH-diaphorase activity method and Dr. J.A. Rosado (Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad de Extremadura, Spain) for his assistance with BAPTA assay.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, EU Enfermería y TO, Universidad de Extremadura, CIBER de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Avda Universidad s/n, Cáceres, 10071, Spain

    Miguel A. Ortiz-Ortiz, José M. Morán, Rosa A. González-Polo, Mireia Niso-Santano, Germán Soler, José M. Bravo-San Pedro & José M. Fuentes

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  1. Miguel A. Ortiz-Ortiz
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  2. José M. Morán
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  3. Rosa A. González-Polo
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  4. Mireia Niso-Santano
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  5. Germán Soler
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  6. José M. Bravo-San Pedro
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  7. José M. Fuentes
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Correspondence to José M. Morán or José M. Fuentes.

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Miguel A. Ortiz-Ortiz and José M. Morán have contributed equally to this work.

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Ortiz-Ortiz, M.A., Morán, J.M., González-Polo, R.A. et al. Nitric Oxide-Mediated Toxicity in Paraquat-Exposed SH-SY5Y Cells: A Protective Role of 7-Nitroindazole. Neurotox Res 16, 160–173 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12640-009-9065-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12640-009-9065-6

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