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Accidental insertion of a percutaneous venovenous cannula into the persistent left superior vena cava of a patient undergoing liver transplantation

Insertion accidentelle d’une canule veino-veineuse percutanée dans la veine cave supérieure gauche persistante d’un patient subissant une greffe hépatique

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Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d'anesthésie Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose

Persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) is a rare congenital vascular abnormality found in 0.3% of the general population. We report herein a rare complication involving the accidental insertion of a large bore cannula into the PLSVC during liver transplantation (LT).

Clinical features

A 63-yr-old man with primary sclerosing cholangitis presented for LT. Given the existence of a tunnelled dialysis catheter in the right internal jugular vein (IJV) and a triple lumen catheter via the left IJV, insertion of an 18 French cannula for venovenous bypass (VVB) was performed via the left IJV using the existing triple lumen cannula as a conduit for a guidewire. Upon initiation of VVB, profound systemic hypotension occurred, and liver transplantation was completed without the further use of VVB. A chest x-ray confirmed a malposition of the VVB cannula with a large left hemothorax. A mini-sternotomy was performed for removal of the VVB cannula, which was found to be inserted in the PLSVC. Retrospectively, the presence of PLSVC was not anticipated due to a normal superior vena cava and a left innominate vein, as revealed by the course of a pre-existing left internal jugular vein triple lumen catheter on a preoperative chest x-ray, and due to a normal-sized coronary sinus on preoperative echocardiography.

Conclusion

Malpositioning of a venous cannula in a PLSVC should be anticipated as one of the potential complications of vascular access via the left internal jugular vein.

Résumé

Objectif

La veine cave supérieure gauche persistante est une anomalie vasculaire congénitale rare qu’on retrouve chez 0,3 % de la population générale. Nous rapportons ici une complication rare survenue lors de l’insertion accidentelle d’une canule de grand diamètre dans la veine cave supérieure gauche persistante pendant une greffe hépatique.

Éléments cliniques

Un homme de 63 ans souffrant d’une angiocholite sclérosante primitive s’est présenté pour une greffe hépatique. Étant donné l’existence d’un cathéter tunnellisé de dialyse dans la veine jugulaire interne (VJI) droite et d’un cathéter à triple lumière via la VJI gauche, l’insertion d’une canule de 18 French pour une dérivation veino-veineuse a été réalisée via la VJI gauche en utilisant la canule à triple lumière en place comme conduit pour la broche-guide. À l’amorce de la dérivation veino-veineuse, une hypotension systémique profonde est apparue, et la greffe hépatique a été réalisée sans utilisation de dérivation veino-veineuse. Une radiographie des poumons a confirmé le mauvais positionnement de la canule de dérivation veino-veineuse avec un important hémothorax à gauche. Une mini-sternotomie a été réalisée pour retirer la canule de dérivation veino-veineuse, et il a été découvert qu’elle avait été insérée dans la veine cave supérieure gauche persistante. Rétrospectivement, la présence d’une veine cave supérieure gauche persistante n’a pas été anticipée en raison d’une veine cave supérieure et d’une veine innominée gauche normales, comme l’a révélé le parcours d’un cathéter à triple lumière pré-existant dans la veine jugulaire interne gauche sur une radiographie pulmonaire, et en raison d’un sinus coronaire de taille normale à l’échocardiographie préopératoire.

Conclusion

Le mauvais positionnement d’une canule veineuse dans une veine cave supérieure gauche persistante devrait être anticipé comme l’une des complications potentielles d’un accès vasculaire via la veine jugulaire interne gauche.

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Acknowledgement

The authors thank Christine M. Heiner BA (Scientific Writer, Department of Anesthesiology/Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine) for her editorial assistance with the manuscript.

Research/Financial Support

Support was received solely from the above institutional and departmental sources.

Conflict of interest

None declared.

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Correspondence to Tetsuro Sakai MD, PhD.

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Schreiber, K.L., Matsusaki, T., Bane, B.C. et al. Accidental insertion of a percutaneous venovenous cannula into the persistent left superior vena cava of a patient undergoing liver transplantation. Can J Anesth/J Can Anesth 58, 646–649 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12630-011-9510-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12630-011-9510-x

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