Abstract
This study involved the investigation of the effects of the continuous cooling process conditions on the crystallization and liberation characteristics of anosovite in Ti-bearing titanomagnetite smelting slag. The samples were heated until melting and then the temperature was held at 1650°C for nearly 0.5 h; subsequently, the samples were cooled at different cooling rates to different temperatures and water- quenched after being held for different times at these temperatures. Last, the obtained crystallized samples were used to analyze the crystallization and liberation characteristics. It was found that, during the continuous cooling process, anosovite particles were found to initially precipitate in the slag at a relatively high crystallization temperature, showing the characteristics of euhedral crystal. The precipitation and growth of anosovite grain is strong and the morphology of anosovite was basically not affected by the continuous cooling conditions. From the morphology perspective, the formed anosovite is an excellent Ti-rich phase to be selective separated. The formation of spinel and diopside is negative for the liberation and selective separation of the anosovite phase. The crystallization diagrams of TiO2-MgO-CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-FeO slag undergoing different continuous cooling processes were constructed to help to determine the optimal continuous cooling–quenching condition for selective separation of anosovite. Moreover, the addition of B2O3 can enlarge the range of the optimal continuous cooling–quenching conditions for selective separation of anosovite.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Y.Q. Zhao, T.C. Sun, H.Y. Zhao, C. Chen, and X.P. Wang, Effect of reductant type on the embedding direct reduction of beach titanomagnetite concentrate, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 26(2019), No. 2, p. 152.
J. Li, Z.T. Zhang, M. Zhang, M. Guo, and X.D. Wang, The influence of SiO2 on the extraction of Ti element from Ti-bearing blast furnace Slag, Steel Res. Int., 82(2011), No. 6, p. 607.
J. Li, Z.T. Zhang, and X.D. Wang, Precipitation behaviour of Ti enriched phase in Ti bearing slag, Ironmaking Steelmaking, 39(2012), No. 6, p. 414.
M.Y. Wang, L. Zhang, Z.T. Sui, X.W. Wang, and Y.H. He, Study on recovery of metallic Fe and enrichment behaviour of titanium in Ti bearing blast furnace slag, Ironmaking Steelmaking, 36(2009), No. 5, p. 388.
L. Zhang, L.N. Zhang, M.Y. Wang, T.P. Lou, Z.T. Sui, and J.S. Jang, Effect of perovskite phase precipitation on viscosity of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag under the dynamic oxidation condition, J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 352(2006), No. 2, p. 123.
H.L. Zhou, K.Q. Feng, C.H. Chen, and Z.D. Yan, Influence of CeO2 addition on the preparation of foamed glass-ceramics from high-titanium blast furnace slag, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 25(2018), No. 6, p. 689.
K.K. Sahu, T.C. Alex, D. Mishra, and A. Agrawal, An overview on the production of pigment grade titania from titania- rich slag, Waste Manage. Res., 24(2006), No. 1, p. 74.
J.P. Van Dyk and P.C. Pistorius, Evaluation of a process that uses phosphate additions to upgrade titania slag, Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 30(1999), No. 4, p. 823.
M.T. Gueguin, Chlorine, Hydrochloric Acid, US Patent, Appl. 5063032, 1991.
L. Zhang, L.N. Zhang, M.Y. Wang, G.Q. Li, and Z.T. Sui, Precipitation selectivity of perovskite phase from Ti-bearing blast furnace slag under dynamic oxidation conditions, J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 353(2007), No. 22–23, p. 2214.
J. Li, Z.T. Zhang, L.L. Liu, W.L. Wang, and X.D. Wang, Influence of basicity and TiO2 content on the precipitation behavior of the Ti-bearing blast furnace slags, ISIJ Int., 53(2013), No. 10, p. 1696.
J.C. Li, Z.C. Guo, J.T. Gao, and J.W. Li, Evaluation of isothermal separating perovskite phase from CaO–TiO2–SiO2–Al2O3–MgO melt by super gravity, Metal. Mater. Trans. B, 45(2014), No. 4, p. 1171.
S. Seim and L. Kolbeinsen, Alternative approaches for high temperature investigation of high titania slags, [in] The 7th International Heavy Minerals Conference ‘What next’, Johannesburg, 2009, p. 57.
Z. Wang, X.W. Liu, L. Zhang, and Q.S. Zhu, The influence of composition on crystallization and liberation behavior of Ti-rich phase in Ti-bearing slags, Trans. Indian Inst. Met., 69(2016), No. 1, p. 97.
Z. Wang, Q.S. Zhu, and H.Y. Sun, Phase equilibria in the TiO2-rich part of the TiO2–CaO–SiO2–10 wt pct Al2O3–5 wt pct MgO system at 1773 K, Metal. Mater. Trans. B, 50(2019), No. 1, p. 357.
S. Ren, Q. Zhao, L. Yao, and Q.C. Liu, Precipitation behavior of perovskite and anosovite crystals from high Ti-bearing blast furnace slag with small amount of B2O3, CrystEng- Comm, 18(2016), No. 8, p. 1393.
Acknowledgements
This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51404226 and 21736010).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Wang, Z., Sun, Hy. & Zhu, Qs. Effects of the continuous cooling process conditions on the crystallization and liberation characteristics of anosovite in Ti-bearing titanomagnetite smelting slag. Int J Miner Metall Mater 26, 1120–1128 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-019-1830-9
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-019-1830-9