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Burden of Premorbid Consumption of Texture Modified Diets in Daily Life on Nutritional Status and Outcomes of Hospitalization

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The journal of nutrition, health & aging

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Abstract

Objectives

Due to the water-rich cooking process required to soften texture modified diets (TMDs), TMDs may have poorer nutrition. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between daily premorbid TMD consumption and nutritional status at the time of hospitalization, and its burden on hospitalization outcomes.

Design

Retrospective observational study.

Setting

An academic hospital.

Participants

The cohort comprised 3,594 older adult patients aged ≥65 years admitted to the hospital.

Measurements

Patients were interviewed on admission using a premorbid daily consumption meal form to determine whether the patient ate a TMD. Nutritional status was examined using nutritional screening tools (Mini-Nutritional Assessment Short Form [MNA-SF], Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool [MUST], Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index [GNRI]) and the European Society of Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN)-defined criteria of malnutrition at admission. Length of hospital stay (LOS) and in-hospital mortality were considered outcomes of hospitalization. Multivariate analyses were performed to detect associations between premorbid TMD consumption and nutritional status and outcomes.

Results

The mean age of the subjects was 75.9±7.0 years, including 58% males. Overall, 110 (3.1%) patients consuming a premorbid TMD were identified. They were older (p<0.001), had poor nutritional status (lower MNA-SF score [p<0.001] and GNRI value [p<0.001], higher MUST score [p<0.001], and more prevalent ESPEN-defined malnutrition [61.8% vs. 14.0%, p<0.001] than did patients without a TMD. The mortality rate and LOS of patients with TMD was higher (7.3% vs. 2.9%, p=0.017) and longer (19 days vs. 8 days, p<0.001) than those without TMD. Multivariate analyses showed that TMD consumption was independently associated with poor nutritional status and prolonged LOS after adjusting confounders.

Conclusion

Daily consumption of a TMD during the premorbid period affects nutritional status at the time of hospitalization and outcomes. Further studies are necessary to investigate whether nutritional intervention can improve outcomes for people on a TMD.

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Abbreviations

CCI:

Charlson Comorbidity Index

DRM:

disease-related malnutrition

ESPEN:

European Society of Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism

FFMI:

fat-free mass index

GNRI:

Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index

MNA-SF:

Mini-Nutritional Assessment Short Form

LOS:

length of stay

MUST:

Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool

TMD:

texture modified diet

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank all the collaborators from our nutrition support teams at Aichi Medical University Hospital for their clinical work. This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-forprofit sectors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Palliative and Supportive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1195, Japan

    Keisuke Maeda & N. Mori

  2. Nutritional Therapy Support Center, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan

    Keisuke Maeda & N. Mori

  3. Department of Nutrition, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan

    Y. Ishida

  4. Department of Pharmacy, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan

    T. Nonogaki & R. Kato

  5. Department of Nutrition, Hamamatsu City Rehabilitation Hospital, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan

    A. Shimizu

  6. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan

    Y. Yamanaka & R. Matsuyama

Authors
  1. Keisuke Maeda
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  2. Y. Ishida
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  3. T. Nonogaki
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  4. A. Shimizu
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  5. Y. Yamanaka
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  7. R. Kato
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  8. N. Mori
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Keisuke Maeda.

Ethics declarations

Disclosure statement: Keisuke Maeda received a grant from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (grant number: 18K11142) outside the submitted work. Other authors have no conflicts of interests.

Ethical standards: The study was approved by the ethics committee of Aichi Medical University. This study complies with the Japanese ethical guidelines for epidemiological research.

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Maeda, K., Ishida, Y., Nonogaki, T. et al. Burden of Premorbid Consumption of Texture Modified Diets in Daily Life on Nutritional Status and Outcomes of Hospitalization. J Nutr Health Aging 23, 973–978 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-019-1237-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-019-1237-3

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