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Body mass index, lifestyles, physical performance and cognitive decline: The “Treviso Longeva (Trelong)” study

  • Published:
The journal of nutrition, health & aging

Abstract

Objectives

The relative contributions of risk factors, as body mass index (BMI), depression, chronic diseases, smoking, and lifestyles (as physical and performance activity, social contacts and reading habit) to cognitive decline in the elderly are unclear. We explored these variables in relation to 7-year cognitive decline in long-lived Italian elderly.

Design

Secondary data analysis of a longitudinal study of a representative, age-stratified, population sample.

Setting

The TREVISO LONGEVA (TRELONG) Study, in Treviso, Italy.

Participants

120 men and 189 women, age 77 years and older (mean age 80.2 ± 6.9 years) survivors after seven years of follow up.

Measurements

Cognitive decline measured as difference between Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score in 2003 and in 2010; Body mass index (BMI), handgrip, Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) score, social contacts, reading habit, sight, hearing, schooling, mediterranean diet and multiple clinical and survey data recorded at baseline in 2003.

Results

In separate univariate analyses, age, SPPB score < 5, depressive symptoms (GDS) and more comorbidities (CCI) were associated with greater cognitive decline. Otherwise higher BMI, higher handgrip, reading habit, non-deteriorated sight and hearing, and schooling were protective. In a final multivariate model, age and higher BMI were associated with greater cognitive decline while reading habits was protective. SPPB score < 5 tends, though weakly, to be associated with greater cognitive decline. These associations remained with multivariate adjustment for gender, schooling, Charlson co-morbidity index (CCI) and baseline MMSE.

Conclusion

Age and higher baseline BMI, independent of gender, and other confounding factors, are risk factors for cognitive decline. Reading habit plays a protective role seven years later among northern Italian adults aged 70 years or older. Low physical performance tends, though weakly, to be associated with greater cognitive decline.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Cognitive Impairment Centre, General Hospital of Treviso, Piazza Ospedale, 1, 31100, Treviso, Italy

    Maurizio Gallucci

  2. Department of Statistics University of Padova, Via Cesare Battisti, 241, 35121, Padova, Italy

    S. Mazzuco & F. Ongaro

  3. Territorial Health Services of Treviso, Via Isola di Mezzo, 37, 31100, Treviso, Italy

    E. Di Giorgi

  4. Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics, University Hospital, 06156, Perugia, Italy

    P. Mecocci

  5. Institut du Vieillissement, Université de Toulouse, 37 Allées Jules Guesde, 31000, Toulouse, France

    M. Cesari

  6. Department of Neuroscience, “Mario Negri” Institute for Pharmacological Research, via La Masa, 19, 20156, Milan, Italy

    D. Albani & G. L. Forloni

  7. Transfusional Medicine Department, General Hospital of Treviso, Piazza Ospedale, 1, 31100, Treviso, Italy

    E. Durante & G. B. Gajo

  8. Clinical Pathology Department, General Hospital of Treviso, Piazza Ospedale, 1, 31100, Treviso, Italy

    A. Zanardo, M. Siculi & L. Caberlotto

  9. FORGEI, Interdisciplinary Geriatric Research Foundation, Viale Trento Trieste, 19, 31100, Treviso, Italy

    Maurizio Gallucci, A. Zanardo & C. Regini

  10. Cognitive Impairment Centre, General Hospital of Treviso, Piazza Ospedale, 1, I-31100, Treviso, Italy

    Maurizio Gallucci

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  1. Maurizio Gallucci
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  2. S. Mazzuco
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  3. F. Ongaro
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  6. M. Cesari
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  9. E. Durante
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  14. C. Regini
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Correspondence to Maurizio Gallucci.

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Gallucci, M., Mazzuco, S., Ongaro, F. et al. Body mass index, lifestyles, physical performance and cognitive decline: The “Treviso Longeva (Trelong)” study. J Nutr Health Aging 17, 378–384 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-012-0397-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-012-0397-1

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