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Prevention of Renal Scarring in Acute Pyelonephritis by Probiotic Therapy: an Experimental Study

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Abstract

We evaluated the protective effects of probiotic administration as a prophylaxis treatment and immediately after fever onset in increasing the immune response and decreasing the renal scarring in a rat model of acute pyelonephritis. Twenty-four rats were apportioned to three groups. In GI (n = 8), the rats were injected with direct inoculation of Escherichia coli into the right kidney. In GII (n = 8), the rats received a probiotic regimen 1 month before E. coli injection and the probiotic regimen was continued for the next 2 months. In GIII (n = 8), the probiotic regimen was started just after E. coli injection and was continued for 2 months. Technetium-99m-DMSA renal scan, histopathological evaluations, concentrations of CA19-9, IgA, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine were assessed 1 and 2 months post-injection. It took an average of 4.2 ± 1.1 h between the injection and onset of fever in GI and GII. In GIII, this period was longer (7.5 ± 1.4). Probiotic administration resulted in reduction of interstitial fibrosis and tubular and glomerular atrophy in GII in all follow-ups. Technetium-99m-DMSA renal scan showed that the right kidney reached near the normal cortical integrity (47%) in GII compared to GI (32%) after 2 months of injection. However, the renal integrity did not improve significantly in GIII (41%). In GII, CA19-9 was lower (p < 0.05), while the levels of serum and fecal IgA were higher (p < 0.05). Administration of the probiotic regimen in the rat model may decrease renal damage in pyelonephritis. In spite of better results in the prophylactic group compared to the treatment group, no strong evidence was found to prove the advantage of its prophylactic application over the treatment administration.

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Abbreviations

APN:

Acute pyelonephritis

UTI:

Urinary tract infection

E. coli :

Escherichia coli

IgA:

Immunoglobulin A

BUN:

Blood urea nitrogen

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge Miss Shahnaz Halimi of the Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences for bacterial culture. The authors thank the authorities in charge of R&D department of Iran Dairy Industries Co. (Pegah).

Funding

The authors would like to thank Tehran University of Medical Sciences for funding this study (Grant Number 29548).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Section of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Therapy, Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, No. 62, Dr. Qarib’s Street, Keshavarz Boulevard, Tehran, 1419433151, Iran

    Nastaran Sabetkish, Shabnam Sabetkish, Mohammad Javad Mohseni & Abdol-Mohammad Kajbafzadeh

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  1. Nastaran Sabetkish
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  2. Shabnam Sabetkish
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  3. Mohammad Javad Mohseni
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  4. Abdol-Mohammad Kajbafzadeh
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Abdol-Mohammad Kajbafzadeh.

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Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical Approval

The local ethics committee approved the experimental protocol. The principles of laboratory animal care (NIH publication no. 85–23, revised 1985) were respected for animal treatment.

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Sabetkish, N., Sabetkish, S., Mohseni, M.J. et al. Prevention of Renal Scarring in Acute Pyelonephritis by Probiotic Therapy: an Experimental Study. Probiotics & Antimicro. Prot. 11, 158–164 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-017-9363-x

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