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Permian woods with preserved primary structures from the southeast of Brazil (Irati Formation, Paraná basin)

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Abstract

This research described fossil woods with preserved pith and primary xylem from strata of the Irati Formation (Artinskian) of the Paraná Basin (southeastern Brazil). The three specimens studied are all related to the Coniferales and include the following taxa: Solenopitys paulistana Kräusel, Atlanticoxylon ibiratinum n. sp. and Abietopitys sp. Kräusel. Solenopitys paulistana represents a species with a solid, heterocellular pith with a peripheral secretory canal system. Atlanticoxylon ibiratinum n. sp. has a lacunose, heterocelular pith with “nests” of sclereids, with a central secretory canal and a peripheral system of canals. Abietopitys sp. has a solid, lobed, homocelular pith associated with a secondary xylem containing cross-fields with non-contiguous pits (abietoid vascular rays). Xeromorphic features observed in these specimens, such as a pith with groups of sclereids and false growth rings, may be related to the depositional environment of the Irati Formation. The specific factor triggering the xeromorphy has not yet been determined, but the present study corroborates clearly the sedimentary evidence of dry conditions during the deposition of the Irati Formation, as seen in the 30-m-thick carbonate layer extending through four South American countries.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge the collaboration with Margarita Ricardi Torres (Botanical Garden Center, ULA, Mérida, Venezuela, in memoriam), Alexandra Crisafulli (Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Corrientes, Argentina) and an anonymous reviewer for the significantly improved quality of the paper.

Funding

The authors would like to thank the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) and the Foundation for the Support of Research in the State of São Paulo (FAPESP) for the financial supports provided [(FAPESP Process 2009/10547-1 “Paleophytogeography and fossil woods from Paraná Basin during late Paleozoic”) and (FAPESP 2013/11563-6 “Multi-source data integration for paleobotanical analysis of the Parana Basin, during Carboniferous and Permian times”)].

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departament of Geology and Natural Resources, Institure of Geosciences, University of Campinas, Carlos Gomes, 250, Campinas, 13083-855, Brazil

    Rafael Souza Faria, Fresia Ricardi-Branco & Isabel Christiano-De-Souza

  2. Department of Applied Geology, University of the State of São Paulo - Unesp Rio Claro, Av. 24a, 1515, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil

    Rosemarie Rohn

  3. Departament of Ecology and Evolutive Biology, Federal University of São Carlos, Washington Luiz Highway, 235, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil

    Marcelo Adorna Fernandes

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  1. Rafael Souza Faria
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  2. Fresia Ricardi-Branco
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Correspondence to Fresia Ricardi-Branco.

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Faria, R.S., Ricardi-Branco, F., Rohn, R. et al. Permian woods with preserved primary structures from the southeast of Brazil (Irati Formation, Paraná basin). Palaeobio Palaeoenv 98, 385–401 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12549-018-0320-9

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