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Near-infrared modeling and enhanced visualization, as a novel approach for 3D decay mapping of stone sculptures

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Abstract

Representation of the surface pathology of heritage objects imposes a problematic task. It usually involves the implementation of on-site visual inspections, and diagnostic procedures on-site, and after sampling, through minimally destructive laboratory tests, to produce area-specific results or two-dimensional mapping visualizations. Mapping of stone weathering is usually performed manually with time-consuming two-dimensional approaches, thus losing the importance of topology and, in general, its three-dimensional metric quality. The recent introduction of modified cameras to heritage science has enabled enhanced observation at higher resolutions, concomitantly having the capacity to produce datasets that can be used for direct image-based three-dimensional reconstruction. With this article, we present a novel work combining near-infrared imaging using a modified sensor, and contemporary dense multiple-image reconstruction software, to produce spectral models of historical stone sculptures. This combined approach enables the simultaneous capturing of the shape of the historical stone surfaces and the different responses of deteriorated materials in the near-infrared spectrum. Thus, we investigate the capacity of the suggested method to assist three-dimensional diagnosis and mapping of stone weathering. We explore the usability of produced spectral textures via classification and three-dimensional segmentation techniques to obtain and assess different types of visualization. We additionally evaluate the produced models for their metric and radiometric properties, by comparing them with models produced with visible spectrum imagery, acquired with similar capturing parameters.

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Data availability

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to acknowledge Musei Reali Torino and Regione Piemonte for the courteous concession of permission to publish the results about the statue from the Fountain of Hercules, and the sculpture of Christ Crucified, respectively. Furthermore, the authors would like to acknowledge the contribution of Alessandro Bovero for his useful advice, Marie Claire Canepa coordinator of the Lab for Mural Paintings, Stonework And Architectural Surfaces at Fondazione Centro Conservazione e Restauro dei Beni Culturali “La Venaria Reale” for facilitating the data acquisition for the statues, and Dr. Stefania De Blasi and Marianna Ferrero at the Dept. of Programming and Development at Fondazione Centro Conservazione e Restauro dei Beni Culturali “La Venaria Reale” for making possible the publishing of the results produced at the labs of the conservation and restoration center mentioned above, outside of Turin.

Funding

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Framework Program for Research and Innovation Horizon 2020 (2014–2020) under the Marie-Skłodowska Curie Grant Agreement No. 754511 and from the Compagnia di San Paolo.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Computer Science, Università degli Studi di Torino, Corso Svizzera 185, 10149, Turin, TO, Italy

    Efstathios Adamopoulos

  2. Department of Architecture and Design, Politecnico di Torino, Viale Mattioli 39, 10125, Turin, TO, Italy

    Fulvio Rinaudo

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  1. Efstathios Adamopoulos
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Contributions

Conceptualization: Efstathios Adamopoulos; data curation: Efstathios Adamopoulos; methodology: Efstathios Adamopoulos; validation: Efstathios Adamopoulos and Fulvio Rinaudo; formal analysis: Efstathios Adamopoulos; investigation: Efstathios Adamopoulos; resources: Efstathios Adamopoulos and Fulvio Rinaudo; software: Efstathios Adamopoulos; writing—original draft preparation: Efstathios Adamopoulos; writing—review and editing: Efstathios Adamopoulos and Fulvio Rinaudo; visualization: Efstathios Adamopoulos; supervision: Fulvio Rinaudo; project administration: Fulvio Rinaudo; funding acquisition: Fulvio Rinaudo.

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Correspondence to Efstathios Adamopoulos.

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Adamopoulos, E., Rinaudo, F. Near-infrared modeling and enhanced visualization, as a novel approach for 3D decay mapping of stone sculptures. Archaeol Anthropol Sci 12, 138 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-020-01110-5

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