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Diagnostiek van de ziekte van Alzheimer

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Neuropraxis

Samenvatting

De ziekte van Alzheimer is de meest voorkomende oorzaak van dementie. Problemen in het episodische geheugen vormen het opvallendste kenmerk van Alzheimer. In de loop van het ziekteproces is sprake van globale cognitieve achteruitgang, problemen in het dagelijks leven en verlies van zelfstandigheid. Dit artikel gaat over de stand van zaken op het gebied van diagnostiek van alzheimer, waaronder de resultaten van het ABIDE (Alzheimer Biomarkers in Daily Practice) project, dat subsidie kreeg in het kader van het Deltaplan Dementie en nieuwe ontwikkelingen, waaronder (nieuwe) diagnostische tests om het ziekteproces al tijdens het leven aan te tonen. Verder gaat het artikel in op neuropsychologisch onderzoek, MRI, eiwitten in het hersenvocht en amyloïd PET. Ook worden de nieuwste criteria en het onderzoeksframework voor alzheimer besproken. Alzheimerhersenschade ontwikkelt zich decennia eerder dan het syndroom alzheimerdementie. Het wordt dan ook steeds duidelijker dat diagnostiek van dementie plaats moet vinden langs twee assen, die niet exact gelijk lopen: de as van etiologie ofwel hersenschade, en de as van syndroom ofwel cognitieve achteruitgang en beperkingen in het dagelijks leven. Het laatste woord is tenslotte aan de patiënt, die aangeeft graag meer informatie te willen krijgen over wat de specifieke uitslag van het diagnostisch onderzoek uitslag betekent voor zijn persoonlijke situatie.

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Dankbetuiging

Onderzoek van het Alzheimercentrum Amsterdam is onderdeel van het programma Neurodegeneratie van Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC. Alzheimercentrum Amsterdam wordt ondersteund door Alzheimer Nederland en Stichting VUmc Fonds. Wiesje van der Flier bekleedt de Pasman-leerstoel. Het Gieskes-Strijbisfonds ondersteunt onderzoek naar patiënten met subjectieve klachten. Onderzoek naar communicatie bij diagnostiek wordt mede mogelijk gemaakt door Health~Holland, Topsector Life Sciences & Health. Het beschreven onderzoek op het gebied van diagnostiek werd uitgevoerd binnen ABIDE, een onderzoek van ZonMW Memorabel (project nr. 733050201) in het kader van het Deltaplan Dementie.

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  1. Alzheimercentrum Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, locatie VUmc, Amsterdam, Nederland

    Wiesje M. van der Flier

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van der Flier, W.M. Diagnostiek van de ziekte van Alzheimer. Neuropraxis 22, 172–179 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12474-018-00205-z

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