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Fluoride in Drinking Water in 31 Provinces of Iran

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Abstract

The effects of acute fluoride toxicity have been well documented in the literature. Drinking water is an important source of fluoride intake by humans, hence studies need to be carried out to determine the concentration of Fluoride in water. Therefore, this study tends to demonstrate the fluoride concentration in drinking water in thirty-one provinces of Iran during 2014. This cross-sectional study on drinking water was conducted in 2014. SPADNS method was determined for fluoride concentration examination according to instruction of Standard Methods. The minimum concentration of fluoride in provinces, such as Fars, Kermanshah, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad, Markazi, and Hormozgan, was observed to be 0.01 mg/L, while the maximum concentrations were observed to be 3.72 and 3.52 mg/L for Bushehr and Fars, respectively. The minimum and maximum average mean concentrations were 0.193 (SD = 0.11) and 0.889 (SD = 0.31) for Kermanshah and Bushehr, respectively. Due to the disadvantages of fluoride and because of the existence of different ecological conditions in Iran, there are different concentrations of water fluoride in the country. Therefore, proper policies should be made for water treatment plants based on the regional conditions in order to achieve a desirable fluoride concentration standard.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to the Iranian Wastewater Engineering Company for their cooperation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran

    Z. KheradPisheh, M. H. Ehrampoush & M. Mokhtari

  2. Water Quality Control Bureau, National Water and Wastewater Engineering Company, Tehran, Iran

    Ahmad Montazeri

  3. Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran

    M. Mirzaei

  4. School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    A. H. Mahvi

  5. Center for Solid Waste Research, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    A. H. Mahvi

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  1. Z. KheradPisheh
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  2. M. H. Ehrampoush
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  3. Ahmad Montazeri
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  4. M. Mirzaei
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  5. M. Mokhtari
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  6. A. H. Mahvi
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Correspondence to A. H. Mahvi.

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KheradPisheh, Z., Ehrampoush, M.H., Montazeri, A. et al. Fluoride in Drinking Water in 31 Provinces of Iran. Expo Health 8, 465–474 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12403-016-0204-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12403-016-0204-z

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