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A case of an enlarged rectal adenoma while achieving a clinical complete response with chemotherapy for advanced rectal cancer

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Abstract

The effect of chemotherapeutic agents on concomitant colorectal adenomas in patients with advanced colorectal cancer is not clear. We report a case of an enlarged rectal adenoma while achieving a clinical complete response with chemotherapy for an advanced rectal adenocarcinoma. A 78-year-old man was referred to our hospital for evaluation of bloody stools. The clinical diagnosis was an advanced lower rectal adenocarcinoma with para-aortic lymph node metastases, and a sessile polyp on the proximal aspect of the rectal tumor. The rectal adenocarcinoma was treated with chemotherapy, including 1 cycle of capecitabin plus oxaliplatin (CapeOX), 22 cycles of tegafur/gimeracil/oteracil (S-1) plus irinotecan (IRIS), and 1 cycle of tegafur (UFT) plus calcium folinate (LV). One year after the last course of chemotherapy, colonoscopy showed a scar without visible rectal tumor; CT imaging confirmed no para-aortic lymphadenopathy. The patient had a clinical complete response to chemotherapy. In contrast, the polyp increased in size. The polyp was removed by endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR). The pathologic evaluation showed a well-differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma with adenoma localized in the mucosa. No recurrence of the advanced adenocarcinoma or intramucosal adenocarcinoma with adenoma occurred for 2 years after EMR. This case indicates the importance of careful surveillance for synchronous adenomas, even in patients with advanced colorectal cancer.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara-City, Nara, 634-8522, Japan

    Yasuyuki Nakamura, Fumikazu Koyama, Hiroyuki Kuge & Masayuki Sho

  2. Department of Endoscopy, Nara Medical University Hospital, Nara, Japan

    Fumikazu Koyama

  3. Department of Pathology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan

    Kohei Morita & Chiho Ohbayashi

Authors
  1. Yasuyuki Nakamura
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  2. Fumikazu Koyama
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  3. Kohei Morita
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  4. Hiroyuki Kuge
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  5. Chiho Ohbayashi
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  6. Masayuki Sho
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Correspondence to Yasuyuki Nakamura.

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Yasuyuki Nakamura, Fumikazu Koyama, Kohei Morita, Hiroyuki Kuge, Chiho Ohbayashi and Masayuki Sho declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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All procedures followed have been performed in accordance with the ethical standards laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments.

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Nakamura, Y., Koyama, F., Morita, K. et al. A case of an enlarged rectal adenoma while achieving a clinical complete response with chemotherapy for advanced rectal cancer. Clin J Gastroenterol 13, 782–787 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12328-020-01169-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12328-020-01169-6

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