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The Molecular Pathway Regulating Bergmann Glia and Folia Generation in the Cerebellum

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Abstract

Evolution of complex behaviors in higher vertebrates and primates require the development of sophisticated neuronal circuitry and the expansion of brain surface area to accommodate the vast number of neuronal and glial populations. To achieve these goals, the neocortex in primates and the cerebellum in amniotes have developed specialized types of basal progenitors to aid the folding of their cortices. In the cerebellum, Bergmann glia constitute such a basal progenitor population, having a distinctive morphology and playing a critical role in cerebellar corticogenesis. Here, we review recent studies on the induction of Bergmann glia and their crucial role in mediating folding of the cerebellar cortex. These studies uncover a key function of FGF-ERK-ETV signaling cascade in the transformation of Bergmann glia from radial glia in the ventricular zone. Remarkably, in the neocortex, the same signaling axis operates to facilitate the transformation of ventricular radial glia into basal radial glia, a Bergmann glia-like basal progenitor population, which have been implicated in the establishment of neocortical gyri. These new findings draw a striking similarity in the function and ontogeny of the two basal progenitor populations born in distinct brain compartments.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Dr. John Wizeman for the critical proofreading of our manuscript.

Funding

This work was supported by a grant from the National Institutes of Health (R01MH094914) to J. Li.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Genetics and Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University, 10 Amistad Street, New Haven, CT, 06520-8073, USA

    Alan W. Leung

  2. Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT, 06030-6403, USA

    James Y. H. Li

  3. Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, 400 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT, 06030-6403, USA

    James Y. H. Li

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Leung, A.W., Li, J.Y.H. The Molecular Pathway Regulating Bergmann Glia and Folia Generation in the Cerebellum. Cerebellum 17, 42–48 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12311-017-0904-3

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