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Peripheral Blood Cell Interactions of Cancer-Derived Exosomes Affect Immune Function

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Cancer Microenvironment

Abstract

Cancer-derived exosomes are constitutively produced and secreted into the blood and biofluids of their host patients providing a liquid biopsy for early detection and diagnosis. Given their ubiquitous nature, cancer exosomes influence biological mechanisms that are beneficial to the tumor cells where they are produced and the microenvironment in which these tumors exist. Accumulating evidence suggests that exosomes transport proteins, lipids, DNA, mRNA, miRNA and long non coding RNA (lncRNA) for the purpose of cell-cell and cell-extracellular communication. These exosomes consistently reflect the status as well as identity of their cell of origin and as such may conceivably be affecting the ability of a functional immune system to recognize and eliminate cancer cells. Recognizing and mapping the pathways in which immune suppression is garnered through these tumor derived exosome (TEX) may lead to treatment strategies in which specific cell membrane proteins or receptors may be targeted, allowing for immune surveillance to once again help with the treatment of cancer. This Review focuses on how cancer exosomes interact with immune cells in the blood.

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Fig. 1: Tumor derived exosomes (TEX) function in favor of metastasis, support angiogenesis, confer chemoresistance and promote immune-suppression and cellular proliferation
Fig. 2: Cancer cells release exosomes which are taken up by other cancer cells, endothelial cells, epithelial cells, fibroblasts, bone marrow myeloid precursor cells, and mesenchymal stem cells

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Funding

Research reported in this publication was supported by NIH awards P20MD006988.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Health Disparities & Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA

    Heather R. Ferguson Bennit, Amber Gonda, James R. W. McMullen, Janviere Kabagwira & Nathan R. Wall

  2. Department Basic Science and Division of Biochemistry, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA

    Heather R. Ferguson Bennit, James R. W. McMullen, Janviere Kabagwira & Nathan R. Wall

  3. Department of Anatomy, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA

    Amber Gonda

  4. Center for Health Disparities Research & Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University, 11085 Campus Street, Mortensen Hall, Room 162, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA

    Nathan R. Wall

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  1. Heather R. Ferguson Bennit
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  2. Amber Gonda
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Correspondence to Nathan R. Wall.

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Ferguson Bennit, H.R., Gonda, A., McMullen, J.R.W. et al. Peripheral Blood Cell Interactions of Cancer-Derived Exosomes Affect Immune Function. Cancer Microenvironment 12, 29–35 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12307-018-0209-1

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