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Spectroscopic methods to analyze drug metabolites

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Abstract

Drug metabolites have been monitored with various types of newly developed techniques and/or combination of common analytical methods, which could provide a great deal of information on metabolite profiling. Because it is not easy to analyze whole drug metabolites qualitatively and quantitatively, a single solution of analytical techniques is combined in a multilateral manner to cover the widest range of drug metabolites. Mass-based spectroscopic analysis of drug metabolites has been expanded with the help of other parameter-based methods. The current development of metabolism studies through contemporary pharmaceutical research are reviewed with an overview on conventionally used spectroscopic methods. Several technical approaches for conducting drug metabolic profiling through spectroscopic methods are discussed in depth.

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Abbreviations

ADME/T:

Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity

MS:

Mass spectrometry

NMR:

Nuclear magnetic resonance

GC–MS:

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

LC–MS:

Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry

UV–Vis:

Ultraviolet–visible

IR:

Infrared

CD:

Circular dichroism

SEM:

Scanning electron microscopy

ESI:

Electrospray ionization

EI:

Electron impact ionization

MALDI:

Matrix assisted laser desorption ionization

HPLC:

High-performance liquid chromatography

TOF:

Time of flight

DNA:

Deoxyribonucleic acid

MS/MS:

Tandem mass spectrometry

UHPLC:

Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography

FID:

Free induction decay

MHz:

Megahertz

HMBC:

Heteronuclear multiple-bond correlation

HSQC:

Heteronuclear single quantum coherence

HAS:

Human serum albumin

NIR:

Near-infrared

NIRF:

Near-infrared fluorescence

IR-MALDESI:

Infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization

IR-ATR:

Infrared attenuated total reflection

FRET:

Fluorescence resonance energy transfer

FP:

Fluorescence polarization

TRP:

Tryptophan

TYR:

Tyrosine

PHE:

Phenylalanine

CARS:

Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering

XPS:

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

AES:

Auger electron spectroscopy

ESCA:

Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis

SPR:

Surface plasmon resonance

TEM:

Transmission electron microscopy

BBB:

Blood-brain barrier

IMS:

Imaging mass spectrometry

PCA:

Principle component analysis

COSA:

Clustering objects on subsets of attributes

ANOVA:

Analysis of variance

PLS:

Partial least squares

HCA:

Hierarchical cluster analysis

SIMCA:

Soft independent modelling of classification analogy

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Acknowledgements

This work is supported in part by Grants provided by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (NRF-2017R1D1A1B03030723), the Industrial Core Technology Development Program (10067427), funded by the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy (MOTIE), High Value-added Food Technology Development Program, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (MAFRA), Republic of Korea (316058-3, 315063-3), the Functional Districts of the Science Belt support program, Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning, Republic of Korea (2017K000017) and the Ewha Womans University Research Grant of 2017 and 2018. This study also partly supported by the GRRC program of Gyeonggi province (GRRC-CHA2017-A01, Discovery and Analysis of Regional Specialized Resources and Operation of Regional Research Service Center).

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  1. Jong-Jae Yi and Kyeongsoon Park contributed equally.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, CHA University, 120 Haeryong-ro, Pocheon-Si, Gyeonggi-do, 11160, Republic of Korea

    Jong-Jae Yi & Woo Sung Son

  2. Department of Systems Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Natural Resources, Chung-Ang University, 4726 Seodong-daero, Anseong-Si, Gyeonggi-do, 17546, Republic of Korea

    Kyeongsoon Park

  3. Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea

    Won-Je Kim

  4. Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea

    Jin-Kyu Rhee

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Yi, JJ., Park, K., Kim, WJ. et al. Spectroscopic methods to analyze drug metabolites. Arch. Pharm. Res. 41, 355–371 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12272-018-1010-x

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