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Gender Differences in Cardiac Hypertrophy

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Abstract

Cardiac hypertrophy is an adaptive response to abnormal physiological and pathological stimuli, which can be classified into concentric and eccentric hypertrophy, induced by pressure overload or volume overload, respectively. In both physiological and pathological scenarios, females generally show a more favorable form of hypertrophy compared with their male counterparts. However once established, cardiac hypertrophy is a stronger risk factor for heart failure in females. Pre-menopausal women are better protected against cardiac hypertrophy compared with men, but this protection is abolished following menopause and is partially restored after estrogen replacement therapy. Estrogen exerts its protection by counteracting pro-hypertrophy signaling pathways, whereas androgen mostly plays an opposite role in cardiac hypertrophy. We here summarize the progress in the understanding of sexual dimorphisms in cardiac hypertrophy and highlight recent breakthroughs in the regulatory role of sex hormones and their intricate molecular networks, in order to shed light on gender-oriented therapeutic efficacy for pathological hypertrophy.

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Funding

This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (31430039, 81670228, and 81730009), Laboratory Animal Science Foundation of Shanghai Committee of Science and Technology (16140901100), Scientific Research Foundation of Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health (201640044), Foundation for Key Researcher of Zhongshan Hospital (2017ZSYXQN09).

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  1. Jian Wu, Fangjie Dai and Chang Li contributed equally to this work.

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  1. Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China

    Jian Wu, Fangjie Dai, Chang Li & Yunzeng Zou

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  1. Jian Wu
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Wu, J., Dai, F., Li, C. et al. Gender Differences in Cardiac Hypertrophy. J. of Cardiovasc. Trans. Res. 13, 73–84 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12265-019-09907-z

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