Skip to main content
Log in

Biophotonic Activity and Transmission Mediated by Mutual Actions of Neurotransmitters are Involved in the Origin and Altered States of Consciousness

  • Letter to the Editor
  • Published:
Neuroscience Bulletin Aims and scope Submit manuscript

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1

References

  1. deGraaf TA, Hsieh PJ, Sack AT. The ‘correlates’ in neural correlates of consciousness. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2012, 36: 191–197.

  2. Grossberg S. Towards solving the hard problem of consciousness: The varieties of brain resonances and the conscious experiences that they support. Neural Netw 2017, 87: 38–95.

  3. Hameroff SR. Quantum mathematical cognition requires quantum brain biology: the “Orch OR” theory. Behav Brain Sci 2013, 36: 287–290.

  4. Tang R, Dai J. Spatiotemporal imaging of glutamate-induced biophotonic activities and transmission in neural circuits. PLoS One 2014, 9: e85643.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Wang Z, Wang N, Li Z, Xiao F, Dai J. Human‘s high intelligence is involved in spectral red shift of biophotonic activities in the brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016, 113: 8753–8758.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Li Z, Dai J. Biophotons contribute to retinal dark noise. Neurosci Bull 2016, 32: 246–252.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  7. Gutfreund Y. The Neuroethological paradox of animal consciousness. Trends Neurosci 2017, 40: 196–199.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Tonello L, Cocchi M, Gabrielli F, Tuszynski JA. On the possible quantum role of serotonin in consciousness. J Integr Neurosci 2015, 14: 295–308.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Bryson HM, Fulton BR, Faulds D. Propofol. An update of its use in anaesthesia and conscious sedation. Drugs 1995, 50: 513–559.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Mehta R, Singh A, Bókkon I, NathMallick B. REM sleep and its loss-associated epigenetic regulation with reference to noradrenaline in particular. Curr Neuropharmacol 2016, 14: 28–40.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31640034), the Sci-Tech Support Plan of Hubei Province, China (2014BEC086), and the Research Team Fund of the South-Central University for Nationalities, China (XTZ15014).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jiapei Dai.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no competing financial interests.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary material 1 (PDF 408 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Chai, W., Han, Z., Wang, Z. et al. Biophotonic Activity and Transmission Mediated by Mutual Actions of Neurotransmitters are Involved in the Origin and Altered States of Consciousness. Neurosci. Bull. 34, 534–538 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12264-018-0215-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12264-018-0215-9

Navigation