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Recruitment Ecology of Burrowing Shrimps in US Pacific Coast Estuaries

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Abstract

Recruitment is a strong determinant of year class strength and adult population density especially for sessile benthic invertebrates where post-settlement mortality and competition are low or relatively stable over time. A series of surveys were undertaken to characterize recruitment and post-settlement processes for two species of burrowing shrimps, Neotrypaea californiensis and Upogebia pugettensis in order to determine how they influenced broader adult populations in US west coast estuaries. On average, U. pugettensis decapodids settled earlier (April–July), recruited almost exclusively to areas with conspecific adults, and grew more rapidly during their first summer than N. californiensis. Neotrypaea californiensis decapodids settled and recruited over a longer period (June–November) and were distributed across the tidal flat. While initially more abundant in areas with conspecific adults, they also either survived better or redistributed as small juvenile shrimp to areas where adults were absent. Linear relationships were found between abundance of newly recruited (0+ age class) shrimp and that of older 1+ shrimp a year later. Positive slopes were close to one for N. californiensis but less than one for U. pugettensis, suggesting lower survival. Annual recruitment varied dramatically but was more consistent for both species in Yaquina Bay. Patterns in strong recruitment years amongst estuaries, particularly for U. pugettensis, suggest the presence of multi-estuary metapopulations linked via larval dispersal. These results have important implications for shrimp population management including control for shellfish aquaculture, but also conservation of estuarine habitats due to the strong influence of these ecosystem engineers on the benthic community.

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Acknowledgements

The authors especially thank Lee McCoy and John Chapman for their dedicated assistance and help with field work, data analysis, and interpretation particularly during the 2010–2012 surveys in Yaquina Bay. We are grateful to a host of field assistants that are too numerous to mention that assisted with the long-term monitoring program but include most significantly Kristine Feldman who served over most of the program’s life and in more recent years efforts by Daniel Sund, Dacey Mercer, Jonathan Minch, Samantha Bund, Cara Fritz, Roy Hildenbrand, and Roxanna Hintzman. The Willapa Bay/Grays Harbor Shellfish growers provided significant in-kind assistance including use of their beds and consultation including assistance from integrated pest management coordinators Steve Booth, Jacob Moore, and David Beugli. We also frequently collaborated with and acknowledge similar Willapa Bay surveys and support from Kim Patten at the Washington State University extension station in Long Beach. Previous versions of the manuscript were greatly improved by comments from several reviewers including Dany de Oliveira, Dacey Mercer, and one anonymous reviewer. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.

Funding

This research was funded by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (CRIS Project 2072-63000-004-00D) and several other institutions and granting agencies over the life of the long-term monitoring program including the Washington State Department of Fisheries, the Western Regional Aquaculture Center and Washington Sea Grant.

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Correspondence to Brett R. Dumbauld.

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Communicated by Marianne Holmer

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Dumbauld, B.R., Bosley, K.M. Recruitment Ecology of Burrowing Shrimps in US Pacific Coast Estuaries. Estuaries and Coasts 41, 1848–1867 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-018-0397-4

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