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Characterizing the Diversity of Hawai‘i Sweet Potatoes (Ipomoea batatas [L.] Lam.)

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Abstract

Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas [L.] Lam.) is one of the most important staple crops globally with particular cultural and economic significance in the Hawaiian Islands, yet the extent to which traditional cultivars persist remains unknown. The objective of this study was to elucidate the relationships between traditional Hawaiian sweet potato varieties and cultivars that originated elsewhere in the world. We sought to characterize genetic and phenotypic diversity of sweet potatoes represented in the Hawaiian Islands. To this end, a genetic assignment analysis was conducted on a sample of 77 individuals that consisted of traditional Hawaiian, USDA NPGS accessions, and recent herbarium samples. Additionally, voucher specimens of Hawaiian cultivars from the early twentieth century were assessed for variation in leaf morphology. We identified several inconsistencies within the Hawaiian-named varieties, as identically named varieties turned out to be genetically distinct, and similarly named voucher specimens varied in leaf morphology. Our findings call attention to the value of a set of Hawaiian sweet potatoes as “heirloom.” These genetically distinct traditional cultivars have unique value in local markets and present an opportunity to increase cultivar diversity in the markets and fields, support farmer income and diversified agriculture, all while contributing to reinvigoration of  Hawaiian cultural heritage.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Jay Bost, Tia Silvasy, and Sarah Moore. We would like to extend our gratitude to the American Society of Plant Biologists National Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship for supporting EW. AKV would like to acknowledge Penny Levin for mentoring, support, and encouragement to keep on the ‘uala. We also thank those that maintain accessions and who made plant material available—various gardens and growers, herbaria, and the Waimanalo Agricultural Experiment Station. Last but not least, we acknowledge the early motivation for this effort—Anakala Jerry Konanui’s persistent request to untangle Hawaiian ‘uala with molecular tools. Pīpī holo ka‘ao.

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  1. Elizabeth Winnicki and Aurora Kagawa-Viviani contributed equally to this work.

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  1. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States

    Elizabeth Winnicki

  2. Department of Geography and Environment, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA

    Aurora Kagawa-Viviani

  3. Department of Tropical Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA

    Kauahi Perez, Theodore Radovich & Michael Kantar

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Correspondence to Michael Kantar.

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Winnicki, E., Kagawa-Viviani, A., Perez, K. et al. Characterizing the Diversity of Hawai‘i Sweet Potatoes (Ipomoea batatas [L.] Lam.). Econ Bot 75, 48–62 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12231-020-09511-2

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