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Evolution of Stem and Leaf Structural Diversity: a Case Study in Lychnophorinae (Asteraceae)

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Abstract

Lychnophorinae occurs mainly in campos rupestres and cerrados of the Cerrado Domain (Brazil) and are species subject to fire occurrences and intense solar radiation, occupying acid and well-drained soils. Informative characters on the taxonomy of this subtribe were studied considering the leaf and stem morphology and anatomy. In addition, putative synapomorphies and features that probably determined the success of these species in occupying these habitats were identified. Samples of leaves and stems of 52 species were analyzed using usual techniques in plant anatomy. The reconstruction of ancestral states of characters was made in parsimony analysis using the phylogeny established for Lychnophorinae. The analyses indicated two distinct types of stems and a wide variation in foliar features, with the possible occurrence of three synapomorphies for the stems and 11 for the leaves. Adaptive pressures of restricted environments, where most species live, probably directed the evolution of morphological and anatomical diversity in Lychnophorinae.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the IEF, MG, Brazil, for granting permission and facilities to collect plant material for this study. This work was supported by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) - grants [Proc. n° 302776/2010-9] and the São Paulo Council for Research (FAPESP) - financial support [Thematic Project Proc. no. 2010/51454-3] and grants for the first author [Proc. no. 2010/02085-5].

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Botânica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil

    Makeli Garibotti Lusa & Beatriz Appezzato-da-Glória

  2. Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 13083-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil

    Makeli Garibotti Lusa

  3. Departamento de Botânica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pernambuco, 50670-901, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil

    Benoit Francis Patrice Loeuille

  4. Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Pisa, Via Luca Ghini 13, 56126, Pisa, Italy

    Daniela Ciccarelli

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  1. Makeli Garibotti Lusa
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  2. Benoit Francis Patrice Loeuille
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  3. Daniela Ciccarelli
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Correspondence to Makeli Garibotti Lusa.

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Appendix

Appendix

Table 3 List of Lychnophorinae species analyzed in detail through structural studies of leaves and stems, from the apical to the woody regions
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Table 4 List of herborized Vernonieae species used in this study
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Lusa, M.G., Loeuille, B.F.P., Ciccarelli, D. et al. Evolution of Stem and Leaf Structural Diversity: a Case Study in Lychnophorinae (Asteraceae). Bot. Rev. 84, 203–241 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12229-017-9191-4

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