Abstract
× Cyclobotrya amalgamata , a new intergeneric hybrid between Cyclodium meniscioides var. meniscioides and Polybotrya osmundacea, is described and illustrated. It was found in the state of Ceará, northeastern Brazil, growing in a mixed population with both parents. It is morphologically intermediate between its parents and has misshapen sporangia and spores. It represents the second hybrid in ×Cyclobotrya.
Similar content being viewed by others
Literature cited
Brade, A. C. 1940. Contribuição para o estudo da flora Pteridophyta da Serra de Baturité, Estado do Ceará. Rodriguésia 4: 289–302.
Engels, M. E. & B. K. Canestraro. 2017. ×Cyclobotrya: a new hybrid genus between Cyclodium and Polybotrya (Dryopteridaceae) from the Brazilian Amazon. Brittonia: 69: 307–312.
Freitas, R. C. A. & L. Q. Matias. 2010. Situação amostral e riqueza de espécies das Angiospermas do estado do Ceará, Brasil. Acta Botanica Brasilica 24: 964–971.
Haufler, C. H. 2008. Species and speciation. Pp. 303–331. In: T. A. Ranker & C. H. Haufler (eds.). Biology and evolution of ferns and lycophytes. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Kramer, K. U. & R. Viane. 1990. Aspleniaceae. Pp. 52–57. In: K. U. Kramer & P. S. Green (eds. for pteridophytes and gymnosperms), Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms. In: K. Kubitzki (general ed.). The families and genera of vascular plants, Vol. 1, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
Liu, H. M., X. C. Zhang, M. P. Wang, H. Shang, S. L. Zhou, Y. H. Yan, X. P. Wei, W. B. Xu & H. Schneider. 2016. Phylogenetic placement of the enigmatic fern genus Trichoneuron informs on the infra-familial relationship of Dryopteridaceae. Plant Systematics and Evolution 302: 319–332.
Moran, R. C. 1987. Monograph of the Neotropical fern genus Polybotrya (Dryopteridaceae). Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin 34: 1–138.
———. 1995. Pityrogramma Link. Pp. 137–140. In: R. C. Moran & R. Riba (eds. for pteridophytes), Psilotaceae a Salviniaceae. In: G. Davdise, M. Souza & S. Knapp (general eds.). Flora Mesoamericana, Vol. 1. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City.
——— & P. H. Labiak. 2015. Phylogeny of the polybotryoid fern clade (Dryopteridaceae). International Journal of Plant Sciences 176: 880–891.
Paula-Zárate, E. L., M. A. Figueiredo, I. C. L. Barros & L. H. C. Andrade. 2007. Diversidade de pteridófitas da serra de Baturité, Ceará. Pp. 163–183. In: T. S. Oliveira & F. S. Araújo (eds.). Diversidade e conservação da Biota na serra de Baturité, Ceará. Edições UFC, Fortaleza.
Ranker, T. A. & M. A. Sundue. 2015. Why are there so few species of ferns? Trends in Plant Science 20: 402–403.
Rothfels, C. J., A. K. Johnson, P. H. Hovenkamp, D. L. Swofford, H. C. Roskam, C. R. Fraser-Jenkins, M. D. Windham & K. M. Pryer. 2015. Natural hybridization between genera that diverged from each other approximately 60 million years ago. The American Naturalist 185: 433–442.
Schwartsburd, P. B. 2014. The identity of Polypodium gyroflexum (= Pleopeltis gyroflexa, comb. nov. – Polypodiaceae). American Fern Journal 104: 16–21.
———, C. V. Miranda & J. Prado. 2016. Oleandra (Oleandraceae) in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. American Fern Journal 106: 191–205.
Smith, A. R. 1986. Revision of the Neotropical fern genus Cyclodium. American Fern Journal 76: 56–98.
——— & J. D. Tejero-Díez. 2014. Pleopeltis (Polypodiaceae), a redefinition of the genus and nomenclatural novelties. Botanical Sciences 92: 43–58.
Sundue, M. A. & C. J. Rothfels. 2014. Stasis and convergence characterize morphological evolution in eupolypod II ferns. Annals of Botany 113: 35–54.
Wagner Jr., W. H. 1993. New species of Hawaiian pteridophytes. Contributions from the University of Michigan Herbarium 19: 63–82.
Wagner Jr., W. H., F. S. Wagner, A. A. Reznicek & C. R. Werth. 1992. ×Dryostichum singulare (Dryopteridaceae), a new fern nothogenus from Ontario. Canadian Journal of Botany 70: 245–253.
Acknowledgments
Schwartsburd thanks CNPq-Brazil for his Doctoral program grant (2008–2012), which paid his trip to Ceará in 2011 and made this work possible, A.J.P. Araújo for helping in the field expedition, and R. Santana for general support. The drawings were made by Reinaldo Pinto.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Schwartsburd, P.B., Canestraro, B.K., Moran, R.C. et al. A second ×Cyclobotrya (Dryopteridaceae) from Brazil. Brittonia 70, 25–30 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12228-017-9501-5
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12228-017-9501-5