Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Influence of Hole Distance on Low Velocity Impact Damage

  • Published:
Fibers and Polymers Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This work addresses the influence of the distance between a hole and the point of impact on low velocity impact damage on cross-ply carbon-epoxy laminates. Experimental tests were performed on plates without and with holes located at different distances relatively to impact point. Internal damage was assessed by means of the C-Scan technique in order to identify the influence of holes on induced internal damage. A three-dimensional numerical analysis including cohesive zone modelling was performed to evaluate the damage mechanism and to verify how it is affected by the holes distance. It was verified that a hole at a given distance from the impact point induces asymmetric damage, whose profile and size depend on the referred distance. On the other hand, symmetrical damage outline was obtained for a plate without hole and a plate with a centred hole. The model captures accurately the essence of the damage phenomenon and provided a thorough insight about the interaction of the hole presence on damage pattern.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. B. G. Green, M. R. Wisnom, and S. R. Hallett, Compos. Pt. A-Appl. Sci. Manuf., 38, 867 (2007).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. M. M. Moure, F. Otero, S. K. García-Castillo, S. Sánchez-Sáez, E. Barbero, and E. J. Barbero, Compos. Struct., 133, 1048 (2015).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. G. H. Erçin, P. P. Camanho, J. Xavier, G. Catalanotti, S. Mahdi, and P. Linde, Compos. Struct., 96, 736 (2013).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. J. Backlund and C.-G. Aronsson, J. Compos. Mater., 20, 259 (1986).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. I. Eriksson and C.-G. Aronsson, J. Compos. Mater., 24, 456 (1990).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. J.-K. Kim, D.-S. Kim, and N. Takeda, J. Compos. Mater., 29, 982 (1995).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. S. D. Pandita, K. Nishiyabu, and I. Verpoest, Compos. Struct., 59, 361 (2003).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. S. Dai, P. R. Cunningham, S. Marshall, and C. Silva, Compos. Struct., 131, 765 (2015).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Y. K. Boey and Y. W. Kwon, Compos. Struct., 96, 824 (2013).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. M. M. Moure, S. K. García-Castillo, S. Sánchez-Sáez, E. Barbero, and E. J. Barbero, Compos. Part B-Eng., 95, 40 (2016).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. M. Xiao, Z. Yongbo, W. Zhihua, and F. Huimin, Compos. Part B-Eng., 126, 49 (2017).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. R. Mohammadi, M. A. Najafabadi, M. Saeedifar, J. Yousefi, and G. Minak, Compos. Part B-Eng., 108, 427 (2017).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. R. T. Potter, Composites, 14, 206 (1983).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. M. D. Rhodes, M. M. Mikulas, and P. E. McGowan, AIAA Journal, 22, 1283 (1984).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. C. Soutis and N. A. Fleck, J. Compos. Mater., 24, 536 (1990).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. C. Soutis, N. A. Fleck, and P. T. Curtis, Composites, 22, 31 (1991).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. M. Saha, R. Prabhakaran, and Jr W. A. Waters, Compos. Struct., 65, 29 (2004).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. H. Suemasu, H. Takahashi, and T. Ishikawa, Compos. Sci. Technol., 66, 634 (2006).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. J. A. M. Ferreira, J. D. M. Costa, and M. O. W. Richardson, Compos. Sci. Technol., 57, 1243 (1997).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. H. Hyakutake, T. Hagio, and T. Yamamoto, JSME Int. J, Ser. A, 36, 215 (1993).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. P. N. B. Reis, J. A. M. Ferreira, F. J. Antunes, and J. D. M. Costa, Mater. Sci. Forum, 514-516, 653 (2006).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Y. Zhou and P. K. Mallick, Polym. Compos., 27, 230 (2006).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. J. S. Huh and W. Hwang, Compos. Struct., 44, 163 (1999).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. C. Soutis, N. A. Fleck, and P. A. Smith, Int. J. Fatigue, 13, 303 (1991).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. O. J. Nixon-Pearson and S. R. Hallett, Compos. Part BEng., 77, 462 (2015).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. E. R. Green, C. J. Morrison, and R. K. Luo, J. Compos. Mater., 34, 502 (2000).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. R. K. Luo, Compos. Sci. Technol., 60, 49 (2000).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. T. Roy and D. Chakraborty, Mater. Des., 29, 124 (2008).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. A. M. Amaro, P. N. B. Reis, M. F. S. F. de Moura, and M. A. Neto, Compos. Struct., 97, 239 (2013).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. A. M. Amaro, P. N. B. Reis, M. F. S. F. de Moura, and M. A. Neto, Polym. Compos., doi:10.1002/pc.24235 (2016).

    Google Scholar 

  31. R. A. M. Santos, P. N. B. Reis, M. J. Santos, and C. A. C. P. Coelho, Compos. Struct., 168, 33 (2017).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. M. F. S. F. de Moura and A. T. Marques, Compos. Pt. AAppl. Sci. Manuf., 33, 361 (2002).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. P. N. B. Reis, J. A. M. Ferreira, F. V. Antunes, and M. O. W. Richardson, J. Compos. Mater., 43, 2609 (2009).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. A. M. Amaro, M. F. S. F. de Moura, and P. N. B. Reis, Mater. Sci. Forum, 514-516, 624 (2006).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. A. M. Amaro, P. N. B. Reis, and M. F. S. F. de Moura, Strain, 47, 203 (2011).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. R. D. Adams and P. Cawley, NDT&E Int., 21, 208 (1998).

    Google Scholar 

  37. A. M. Amaro, P. N. B. Reis, M. F. S. F. de Moura, and J. B. Santos, Insight, 54, 14 (2012).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. A. M. Amaro, P. N. B. Reis, A. G. Magalhães, and M. F. S. F. de Moura, Strain, 47, e220 (2011).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. T. Roy and D. Chakraborty, Mater. Des., 29, 124 (2008).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. P. N. B. Reis, J. A. M. Ferreira, Z. Y. Zhang, T. Benameus, and M. O. W. Richardson, Compos. Part B-Eng., 56, 290 (2014).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. A. M. Amaro, P. N. B. Reis, and M. A. Neto, Compos. Part B-Eng., 98, 23 (2016).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. G. A. Schoeppner and S. Abrate, Compos. Pt. A-Appl. Sci. Manuf., 31, 903 (2000).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. G. Belingardi and R. Vadori, Int. J. Impact Eng., 27, 213 (2002).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. T. G. Río, R. Zaer, E. Barbero, and C. Navarro, Compos. Part B-Eng., 36, 41 (2005).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. P. N. B. Reis, J. A. M. Ferreira, Z. Y. Zhang, T. Benameur, and M. O. W. Richardson, Compos. Part B-Eng., 46, 7 (2013).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. M. F. S. F. de Moura and J. P. M. Gonçalves, Compos. Sci. Technol., 64, 1021 (2004).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. M. F. S. F. de Moura, M. A. L. Silva, A. B. Morais, and J. J. L. Morais, Eng. Fract. Mech., 73, 978 (2006).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. O. S. David-West, D. H. Nash, and W. M. Banks, Compos. Struct., 83, 247 (2008).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. A. M. Amaro, P. N. B. Reis, M. A. Neto, and C. Louro, Polym. Degrad. Stabil., 98, 853 (2013).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. L. M. Durão, M. F. S. F. de Moura, and A. T. Marques, Compos. Pt. A-Appl. Sci. Manuf., 37, 1325 (2006).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. R. D. S. G. Campilho, M. F. S. F. de Moura, D. A. Ramantani, J. J. L. Morais, and J. J. M. S. Domingues, J. Adhes. Sci. Technol., 23, 1493 (2009).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. C-MAST, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, 6201-001, Portugal

    P. N. B. Reis

  2. Department of Aerospace Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, 6201-001, Portugal

    R. A. M. Santos

  3. Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, R. Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto, 4200-465, Portugal

    F. G. A. Silva & M. F. S. F. de Moura

  4. INEGI, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto, 4200-465, Portugal

    F. G. A. Silva

Authors
  1. P. N. B. Reis
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. R. A. M. Santos
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. F. G. A. Silva
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. M. F. S. F. de Moura
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to P. N. B. Reis.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Reis, P.N.B., Santos, R.A.M., Silva, F.G.A. et al. Influence of Hole Distance on Low Velocity Impact Damage. Fibers Polym 19, 2574–2580 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-018-8376-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-018-8376-8

Keywords

Search

Navigation