Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Controlling the Properties of OPEFB/PLA Polymer Composite by Using Fe2O3 for Microwave Applications

  • Published:
Fibers and Polymers Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Microwave-absorptive polymer composite materials provide protection against interference to communication systems caused by microwave-inducing devices. Microwave-absorptive polymer composites were prepared from polylactic acid (PLA) biocomposite blended with oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) fiber and commercial Iron oxide (Fe2O3) as filler using the melt-blending method. The composites characterization was carried out using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. The coefficient of reflection S11 and coefficient of transmission S21 of the composites for various Fe2O3 filler percentages were determined using a rectangular waveguide in connection with microwave vector network analyser (HP/Agilent model PNA N5227). These coefficients were then used to calculate microwave-absorption properties (in decibels). XRD analysis showed that increasing amounts of reinforced material (Fe2O3) reduces the crystallinity of the composites. SEM data indicated that Fe2O3 filler ratio increased in the composites, and adhesion to the cellulose fiber grew gradually until the highest percentage of filler was added. The complex relative permittivity and relative permeability were obtained within the broad frequency range of 8–12 GHz at room temperature for various percentages of filler and were measured by the transmission/reflection method using a vector network analyser. Fe2O3 embedment in OPEFB/PLA was observed to have resulted in enhancing the dielectric and magnetic properties. The values of permittivity and permeability increased with increasing Fe2O3 filler content. Theoretical simulation studied the relation between ε′ and ε″ of the relative complex permittivity in terms of Cole-Cole dispersion law. The result indicated that the processes of Debye relaxation in Fe2O3/OPEFB/PLA, the unique dielectric characteristics of Fe2O3 cannot be accounted for by both the Debye dipolar relaxation and natural resonance. Results further showed that the material transmission, reflection, and absorption properties could be controlled by changing the percentage of Fe2O3 filler in the composites.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. B. P. Kumar, I. Singh, and J. Madaan, J. Thermoplast. Compos. Mater., 27, 52 (2014).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. S. Kalia, S. Kango, A. Kumar, Y. Haldorai, B. Kumari, and R. Kumar, Colloid. Polym. Sci., 292, 2025 (2014).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. F. M. Husein, S. H. Ahmad, A. H. S. Bahri, A. T. Mou’ad, and L. J. Yu, Compos. Pt. B-Eng., 52, 334 (2013).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Y. Abubakar, Z. Abbas, N. A. Ibrahim, and A. Fahad, Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2015 (2015).

  5. A. A. Fahad, Z. Abbas, S. J. Obaiys, and D. M. Abdalhadi, Polymer, 9, 12 (2017).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. G. Golfrid, B. Wirjosentono, K. Sebayang, and M. Ginting, Proc. Chem., 19, 441 (2016).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. A. S. Hj, M. H. Abdullah, D. Hui, A. N. Yusoff, and D. Puryanti, J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 322, 3401 (2010).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. J. Majid, E. A. Tehrany, M. Imran, M. Jacquot, and S. Desobry, Compre. Rev. Food Sci. Food Saf., 9, 552 (2010).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. N. A. Ibrahim, S. N. A. Ahmad, W. M. Z. W. Yunus, and K. Z. M. Dahlan, Express Polym. Lett., 3, 226 (2009).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. A. P. Mathew, K. Oksman, and M. Sain, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 101, 300 (2006).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. S. O. Han and Y. M. Jung, J. Mol. Struct., 883, 142 (2008).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Y. Du, N. Yan, and M. T. Kortschot, J. Mater. Sci., 49, 2630 (2014).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. K. P. Kumar and A. S. J. Sekaran, J. Reinf. Plast. Comp., 33, 1879 (2014).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. J. T. Kang and S. H. Kim, Macromol. Res., 19, 789 (2011).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. M. S. Huda, L. T. Drzal, A. K. Mohanty, and M. Misra, Compos. Sci. Technol., 68, 424 (2008).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. T. Yu, J. Ren, S. Li, H. Yuan, and Y. Li, Compos. Pt. AAppl. Sci. Manuf., 41, 499 (2010).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. B. K. Chen, C. C. Shih, and A. F. Chen, Compos. Pt. AAppl. Sci. Manuf., 43, 2289 (2012).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. M. Rayung, N. A. Ibrahim, N. Zainuddin, W. Z. Saad, N. I. A. Razak, and B. W. Chieng, Int. J. Molecular Sci., 15, 14728 (2014).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. B. K. Tan, Y. C. Ching, S. N. Gan, and R. Shaifulazuar, Bioresources, 10, 5532 (2015).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. R. Senawi, S. M. Alauddin, R. M. Saleh, and M. I. Shueb, Int. J. Biosci. Biochem. Bioinforma., 3, 59 (2013).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. A. K. Bledzki, A. A. Mamun, M. L. Gabor, and V. S. Gutowski, Express. Polym. Lett., 2, 413 (2008).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. T. Yu, J. Ren, S. Li, H. Yuan, and Y. Li, Compos. Pt. AAppl. Sci. Manuf., 41, 499 (2010).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. K. L. Fung, R. K. Y. Li, and S. C. Tjong, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 85, 169 (2002).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. D. Feng, D. F. Caulfiel, and A. R. Sanadi, Polym. Compos., 22, 506 (2001).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. N. A. Ibrahim, S. N. A. Ahmad, W. M. Z. W. Yunus, and K. Z. M. Dahlan, Polym. Lett., 3, 226 (2009).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Y. Y. Yee, Y. C. Ching, S. Rozali, N. A. Hashim, and R. Singh, BioResources, 11, 2269 (2016).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. K. T. Khoon, Y. C. Ching, S. C. Poh, C. A. Luqman, and S. N. Gan, Polymers, 7, 2205 (2015).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. M. H. Flaifel, S. H. Ahmad, M. H. Abdullah, R. Rasid, A. H. Shaari, A. A. El-Saleh, and S. Appadu, Compos. Sci. Technol., 96, 103 (2014).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. S. M. Abbas, A. K. Dixit, R. Chatterjee, and T. C. Goel, J. Magn. Magn. Mater, 309, 20 (2007).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. F. Jiao, J. C. Jumas, M. Womes, A. V. Chadwick, A. Harrison, and P. G. Bruce, JACS, 128, 12905 (2006).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. L. F. Chen, C. K. Ong, C. P. Neo, V. V. Varadan, and V. K. Varadan, “Microwave Electronics: Measurement and Materials Characterization”, John Wiley & Sons, 2004.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  32. S. W. Phang, M. Tadokoro, J. Watanabe, and N. Kuramoto, Curr. Appl. Phys., 8, 391 (2008).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. A. A. Salema, Y. K. Yeow, K. Ishaque, F. N. Ani, M. T. Afzal, and A. Hassan, Ind. Crops Prod., 50, 366 (2013).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. A. Ameli, P. U. Jung, and C. B. Park, Carbon, 60, 379 (2013).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. C. Wang, X. Han, P. Xu, X. Zhang, Y. Du, S. Hu, and X. Wang, Appl. Phys. Lett., 98, 072906 (2011).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. A. F. Ahmad, Z. Abbas, S. J. Obaiys, and D. M. Abdalhadi, Polymers, 9, 2 (2017).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. H. Bayrakdar, J. Magn. Magn. Mater, 323, 1882 (2011).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. J. Xu, J. Liu, R. Che, C. Liang, M. Li, Y. Cao, and Z. Liu, Nanoscale, 6, 5782 (2014).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, 43400, Malaysia

    Daw Mohammad Abdalhadi, Zulkifly Abbas, Ahmad Fahad Ahmad & Khamirul Amin Matori

  2. Faculty of Sciences, Technology, and Human Development, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Parit Raja, 86400, Malaysia

    Fahmiruddin Esa

Authors
  1. Daw Mohammad Abdalhadi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Zulkifly Abbas
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Ahmad Fahad Ahmad
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Khamirul Amin Matori
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Fahmiruddin Esa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ahmad Fahad Ahmad.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Abdalhadi, D.M., Abbas, Z., Ahmad, A.F. et al. Controlling the Properties of OPEFB/PLA Polymer Composite by Using Fe2O3 for Microwave Applications. Fibers Polym 19, 1513–1521 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-018-8118-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-018-8118-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation