Skip to main content
Log in

Halley’s minimal kinetic energy problem for projectile motion with drag quadratic in speed

  • Published:
Rendiconti del Circolo Matematico di Palermo Series 2 Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In papers published in the Philosophical Transactions in the late 1600s, Edmond Halley highlighted the problem of delivering a projectile to its intended target with minimal kinetic energy upon impact. Halley accounted for the force of gravity acting on the projectile, but ignored the retarding effect of air resistance. In this article, we revive the optimization problem raised by Halley, here allowing for drag that is quadratic in speed. It turns out that there are remarkable parallels between the optimal flight curve in the case of no air resistance and that in which air resistance is quadratic in speed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Cartwright, M.: Artillery in medieval Europe. Ancient History Encyclopedia, Article 1231 (2018), http://www.ancient.eu/article/1231/artillery-in-medieval-europe/

  2. de Mestre, N.: The Mathematics of Projectiles in Sport. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1990)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  3. Groetsch, C.W.: Halley’s gunnery rule. Coll. Math. J. 28, 47–50 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Groetsch, C.W.: Extending Halley’s problem: firing a mortar when there is air resistance. Math. Sci. 34, 4–10 (2009)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  5. Hackborn, W.W.: Motion through air: What a drag. Can. Appl. Math. Q. 14, 285–298 (2006)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  6. Hackborn, W.W.: Projectile motion: resistance is fertile. Am. Math. Mon. 115, 813–819 (2008)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  7. Halley, E.: A discourse concerning gravity, and its properties, wherein the descent of heavy bodies, and the motion of projects is briefly, but fully handled: together with the solution of a problem of great use in gunnery. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. 16, 3–21 (1686)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Halley, E.: A proposition of general use in the art of gunnery, shewing the rule of laying a mortar to pass, in order to strike any object above or below the horizon. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. 19, 68–72 (1695)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Kantrowitz, R., Neumann, M.M.: Optimization of projectile motion under air resistance quadratic in speed. Mediterr. J. Math. 14, 1–19 (2017)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  10. Kantrowitz, R., Neumann, M.M.: A Halley revival: another look at two of his classical gunnery rules. Math. Sci. 42, 131–142 (2017)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  11. Lamb, H.: Dynamics. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1961)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  12. Long, L.N., Weiss, H.: The velocity dependence of aerodynamic drag: a primer for mathematicians. Am. Math. Mon. 106, 127–135 (1999)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  13. Parker, G.W.: Projectile motion with air resistance quadratic in the speed. Am. J. Phys. 45, 606–610 (1977)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We thank the referees for their careful reading and valuable suggestions.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Robert Kantrowitz.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Kantrowitz, R., Neumann, M.M. Halley’s minimal kinetic energy problem for projectile motion with drag quadratic in speed. Rend. Circ. Mat. Palermo, II. Ser 69, 217–229 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12215-018-00397-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12215-018-00397-7

Keywords

Mathematics Subject Classification

Navigation