Abstract
The stress distribution along the weld toe (SCF test) and the fatigue life of tubular T-joints (Fatigue test) were experimentally investigated in this study. Three specimens with identical geometric properties were tested to failure under fatigue cyclic loading at the brace end. Prior to the loading tests procedure, SCF and Fatigue tests, two specimens went through one cycle of heating and cooling naturally. The SCF test results showed that the maximum Stress Concentration Factor (SCF) occurred at the chord saddle for all the specimens. The fatigue cracks were initiated at the chord saddles of the three tested specimens. The fatigue test results showed that the fatigue life was longer the higher the target maximum temperature was. The development of the crack aspect ratio with the normalised crack length was discussed among the specimens. Finally, the fatigue life results obtained from the experiment compared with those from CIDECT and API guidelines.
Similar content being viewed by others
Change history
12 October 2017
This erratum is published to notify corrections in authors’ name. Please take note that changes have been made to authors, Gao Fei**, Guan Xing-Quan***, Zhu Hong Ping****. See the corrected version below:
References
American Welding Society (AWS) (2010). Structural welding codesteel, AWS D1.1/D1.1M.
American Petroleum Institute (API) (2000). RP2A-LRFD Recommended practice for planning, designing and constructing fixed offshore structures, 21st ed.
Chang, E. and Dover, W. (1999). “Prediction of stress distributions along the intersection of tubular Y and T-joints.” International Journal of Fatigue, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 361–381, DOI: 10.1016/S0142-1123(98)00083-8.
Chiew, S. P., Lee, C. K., Lie, S. T., and Ji, H. L. (2007). “Fatigue behaviors of square-to-square hollow section T-joint with corner crack. I: Experimental studies.” Engineering Fracture Mechanics, vol. 74, no. 5, pp. 703–720, DOI: 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2006. 06.022.
Chiew, S. P., Lie, S. T., Lee, C. K., and Huang, Z. W. (2004). “Fatigue performance of cracked tubular T joints under combined loads. I: experimental.” Journal of Structural Engineering, vol. 130, no. 4, pp. 562–571, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2004)130:4(572).
Electrical Power Research Institute (EPRI) (2007). Carbon steel handbook, Palo Alto, California, USA.
Fragoudakis, R., Karditsas, S., Savaidis, G., and Michailidis, N. (2014). “The effect of heat and surface treatment on the fatigue behaviour of 56SiCr7 Spring Steel.” Procedia Engineering, vol. 74, pp. 309–312, DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2014.06.268.
Gao, F., Guan, X. Q., Zhu, H. P., and Xia, Y. (2015). “Hysteretic behaviour of tubular T-joints reinforced with doubler plates after fire exposure.” Thin-Walled Structures, vol. 92, pp. 10–20, DOI: 10.1016/j.tws. 2015. 02.010.
Han, L. H., Huo, J. S., and Wang, Y. C. (2005). “Compressive and flexural behaviour of concrete filled steel tubes after exposure to standard fire.” Journal of Constructional Steel Research, vol. 61, no. 7, pp. 882–901, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcsr.2004.12.005.
Han, L. H. and Lin, X. K. (2004). “Tests on cyclic behavior of concretefilled hollow structural steel columns after exposure to the ISO-834 standard fire.” Journal of Structural Engineering, vol. 130, no. 11, pp. 1807–1819, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2004)130:11(1807).
Hellier, A. K., Connolly, M. P., and Dover, W. D. (1990). “Stress concentration factors for tubular Y-and T-joints.” International Journal of Fatigue, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 13–23, DOI: 10.1016/0142-1123(90) 90338-F.
Jin, M., Zhao, J. C., Chang, J., and Zhang, D. X. (2012). “Experimental and parametric study on the post-fire behavior of tubular T-joint.” Journal of Constructional Steel Research, vol. 70, pp. 93–100, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcsr.2011.07.018.
Klueh, R. L. (1989). “Heat treatment behavior and tensile properties of Cr−W steels.” Metallurgical Transactions, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 463–470, DOI: 10.1007/BF02653926.
Krauss, G. (1980). Principles of heat treatment of steel, American Society for Metals, Metals Park, Ohio.
Lee, C., Chiew, S., Lie, S., and Sopha, T. (2011). “Comparison of fatigue performances of gapped and partially overlapped CHS K-joints.” Engineering Structures, vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 44–52, DOI: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2010.09.016.
Liu, G., Liu, Y., and Huang, Y. (2014). “A novel structural stress approach for multiaxial fatigue strength assessment of welded joints.” International Journal of Fatigue, vol. 63, pp. 171–182, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2014.01.022.
Liu, G., Zhao, X., and Huang, Y. (2015). “Prediction of stress distribution along the intersection of tubular T-joints by a novel structural stress approach.” International Journal of Fatigue, vol. 80, pp. 216–230, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2015.05.021.
Mashiri, F. R., Zhao, X. L., and Grundy, P. (2004). “Stress concentration factors and fatigue behaviour of welded thin-walled CHS–SHS Tjoints under in-plane bending.” Engineering Structures, vol. 26, no. 13, pp. 1861–1875, DOI: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2004.06.010.
McClung, R. (2007). “A literature survey on the stability and significance of residual stresses during fatigue.” Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 173–205, DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-2695.2007.01102.x.
Moisan, É., Sabourin, M., Bernard, M., and Bui-Quoc, T. (2006). “Residual stress measurements in hydraulic turbine welded joints.” IAHR 23rd symposium on hydraulic machinery and systems, Yokohama, Japan.
Potvin, A. B., Kuang, J. G., Leick, R. D., and Kahlich, J. L. (1977). “Stress concentration in tubular joints.” Society of Petroleum Engineers Journal, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 287–299, DOI: 10.4043/2205-MS.
Qian, X., Jitpairod, K., Marshall, P., Swaddiwudhipong, S., Ou, Z., Zhang, Y., and Pradana, M. R. (2014). “Fatigue and residual strength of concrete-filled tubular X-joints with full capacity welds.” Journal of Constructional Steel Research, vol. 100, pp. 21–35, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcsr.2014.04.021.
Qian, X., Nguyen, C. T., Petchdemaneengam, Y., Ou, Z., Swaddiwudhipong, S., and Marshall, P. (2013a). “Fatigue performance of tubular Xjoints with PJP+ welds: II—Numerical investigation.” Journal of Constructional Steel Research, vol. 89, pp. 252–261, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcsr.2013.07.003.
Qian, X., Petchdemaneengam, Y., Swaddiwudhipong, S., Marshall, P., Ou, Z., and Nguyen, C. T. (2013b). “Fatigue performance of tubular X-joints with PJP+ welds: I—Experimental study.” Journal of Constructional Steel Research, vol. 90, pp. 49–59, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcsr.2013.07.016.
Schumacher, A. and Nussbaumer, A. (2006). “Experimental study on the fatigue behaviour of welded tubular K-joints for bridges.” Engineering structures, vol. 28, no. 5, pp. 745–755, DOI: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2005.10.003.
Shao, Y. B., Du, Z. F., and Lie, S. T. (2009). “Prediction of hot spot stress distribution for tubular K-joints under basic loadings.” Journal of Constructional Steel Research, vol. 65, no. 10, pp. 2011–2026, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcsr.2009.05.004.
Shao, Y. B., Zheng, Y. J., Zhao, H. C., and Yang, D. P. (2016). “Performance of tubular T-joints at elevated temperature by considering effect of chord compressive stress.” Thin-Walled Structures, vol. 98, pp. 533–546, DOI: 10.1016/j.tws.2015.10.022.
Shao, Y. B., He, S. B., Zhang, H. Y., and Wang, Q. L. (2017). “Hysteretic behavior of tubular T-joints after exposure to elevated temperature.” Ocean Engineering, vol. 129, pp. 57–67, DOI: 10.1016/j.oceaneng. 2016.11.017.
Thelning, K. E. (2013). Steel and its heat treatment, Butterworth-Heinemann, Jordan Hill, Oxford.
Trudel, A., Sabourin, M., Lévesque, M., and Brochu, M. (2014). “Fatigue crack growth in the heat affected zone of a hydraulic turbine runner weld.” International Journal of Fatigue, vol. 66, pp. 39–46, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2014.03.006.
Wardenier, J., Packer, J., Zhao, X. L., and van der Vegte, G. J. (2010). Hollow sections in structural applications. Comité International pour le Développement et l’Étude de la Construction Tubulaire (CIDECT), Geneva, Switzerland.
Yang, H., Han, L. H., and Wang, Y. C. (2008). “Effects of heating and loading histories on post-fire cooling behaviour of concrete-filled steel tubular columns.” Journal of Constructional Steel Research, vol. 64, no. 5, pp. 556–570, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcsr.2007.09.007.
Zhao, X. L., Herion, S., Packer, J. A., Puthli, R., Sedlacek, G., Wardenier, J., Weynand, K., van Wingerde, A., and Yeomans, N. (2000). Design guide for circular and rectangular hollow section joints under fatigue loading, Comité International pour le Développement et l’Étude de la Construction Tubulaire (CIDECT) Publication No. 8, TUV-Verlag, Germany.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Mohamed, H.S., Gao, F., Guan, XQ. et al. Experimental Investigation on the Fatigue Behaviour of Heat-Treated Tubular T-Joints. KSCE J Civ Eng 22, 2451–2463 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-017-1922-x
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-017-1922-x